coloring_nested_tire_graphs: define inner and outer spokes (Def 1.17)

Adds a new definition partitioning V(T'_{f'}) \ V(f') by geometric
location relative to the face f':

  V_out(T'_{f'}) := { v in V(T'_{f'}) \ V(f') : v lies outside the
                      closure of f' }
                 = "outer spokes"

  V_in(T'_{f'})  := { v in V(T'_{f'}) \ V(f') : v lies inside the
                      open region f' }
                 = "inner spokes"

These are well-defined because the boundary walk of f' is V(f') by
definition, so no element of V(T'_{f'}) \ V(f') sits on ∂f'.

In the spoke-only setting (T'_ann = C_{n+m}), the inner spokes of
the inner face are the O-side non-annular dual vertices and the
outer spokes are the source-side non-annular dual vertices (and
vice-versa for the outer face).

Paper stays at 10 pages.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-25 23:14:58 -04:00
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\newlabel{rem:tire-component-degenerate}{{1.11}{8}}
\newlabel{rem:tire-no-extra-hypotheses}{{1.12}{8}}
\newlabel{prop:edge-vertex-bijection}{{1.13}{8}}
\newlabel{rem:edge-vertex-corollary}{{1.14}{9}}
\newlabel{def:tire-annular-subgraph}{{1.15}{9}}
\newlabel{def:tire-annular-face-connector}{{1.16}{9}}
\newlabel{def:spokes}{{1.17}{9}}
\newlabel{rem:facial-dual-spoke-only}{{1.18}{9}}
\bibcite{bauerfeld-pds}{1}
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\newlabel{rem:edge-vertex-corollary}{{1.14}{9}}
\newlabel{def:tire-annular-subgraph}{{1.15}{9}}
\newlabel{def:tire-annular-face-connector}{{1.16}{9}}
\newlabel{rem:facial-dual-spoke-only}{{1.17}{9}}
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\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces The bridge case: $T'_{\mathrm {ann}} = \theta (1, 3, 3)$ has three faces $A, B, C$ in its inherited embedding, with respective vertex sets $V(A) = \{v_0, \dots , v_5\}$, $V(B) = \{v_0, v_1, v_2, v_3\}$, and $V(C) = \{v_0, v_3, v_4, v_5\}$. In the surrounding maximal planar $G$, the chord endpoints $v_0, v_3$ (the two annular faces sharing the bridge edge) have all three $G'$-edges inside $T'_{\mathrm {ann}}$, while each non-chord vertex $v_i$ ($i \in \{1, 2, 4, 5\}$) contributes one $G'$-edge to an external non-annular neighbor $u_i$. Each panel highlights $T'_{f'}$ (blue) inside $G'$: dark circles are $V(f')$, gray circles are $G'$-neighbors of $V(f')$ within $T'_{\mathrm {ann}}$, and red squares are external $G'$-neighbors $u_i$. The choice of face $f'$ controls which external neighbors $u_i$ are pulled into $T'_{f'}$ (face $A$ pulls in all four; face $B$ pulls in $u_1, u_2$ and face $C$ pulls in $u_4, u_5$).}}{10}{}\protected@file@percent }
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@@ -604,6 +604,32 @@ i.e.\ the subgraph of $G'$ on the closed $G'$-neighborhood of $V(f')$
together with every $G'$-edge incident to $V(f')$.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Inner and outer spokes]
\label{def:spokes}
With $T'_{f'}$ as in
Definition~\ref{def:tire-annular-face-connector}, regard $f'$ as an
open region of $|\Pi_G|$ and write $\overline{f'}$ for its closure.
The vertices of $V(T'_{f'}) \setminus V(f')$ lie in $|\Pi_G| \setminus
\overline{f'}$ or in $f'$ (never on $\partial f'$, since the boundary
walk of $f'$ is by definition the set $V(f')$). Partition
\[
V(T'_{f'}) \setminus V(f') \;=\;
V_{\mathrm{out}}(T'_{f'}) \,\sqcup\, V_{\mathrm{in}}(T'_{f'})
\]
where
\begin{align*}
V_{\mathrm{out}}(T'_{f'}) &:= \{\, v \in V(T'_{f'}) \setminus V(f')
\;:\; v \notin \overline{f'} \,\}, \\
V_{\mathrm{in}}(T'_{f'}) &:= \{\, v \in V(T'_{f'}) \setminus V(f')
\;:\; v \in f' \,\}.
\end{align*}
The elements of $V_{\mathrm{out}}(T'_{f'})$ are the \emph{outer
spokes} of $T'_{f'}$ (vertices not in $V(f')$ that lie outside the
region bounded by $f'$); the elements of $V_{\mathrm{in}}(T'_{f'})$
are the \emph{inner spokes} of $T'_{f'}$ (vertices not in $V(f')$
that lie inside the region bounded by $f'$).
\end{definition}
\begin{remark}
\label{rem:facial-dual-spoke-only}
In the spoke-only setting of