refactor(bottles): split factory into prepare + launch phases

The Docker factory had absorbed live container ops but left the
host-side prep (image-name resolution, container-name collision
retry, pipelock yaml generation, env_resolve writes, host
validation) in cli/start.py. That kept ~half the Docker-specific
logic outside the abstraction.

Split the factory into two phases:

  prepare_docker_bottle(spec, stage_dir=...) -> DockerBottlePlan
      Resolves names, validates skills/SSH, writes scratch files.
      No Docker resources created yet.

  launch_docker_bottle(plan) -> ContextManager[Bottle]
      Builds image, creates networks, boots pipelock, runs the
      agent container, provisions files. Teardown on exit.

DockerBottleSpec shrinks to intent-only inputs (manifest, agent
name, --cwd flag, user_cwd, forward_oauth_token). The CLI no longer
references docker_mod, pipelock, skills, ssh, or env_resolve.

get_bottle_factory becomes get_bottle_platform returning a
BottlePlatform with .prepare and .launch — one selectable thing per
platform.

The Bottle handle now remembers the in-container prompt path and
adds --append-system-prompt-file to claude's argv when present, so
the CLI no longer needs to know the path.

cmd_start: ~148 lines down from 229. Tests pass; dry-run output
byte-identical.

claude_bottle/bottles/__init__.py

@@ -1,27 +1,35 @@
 """Per-platform bottle factories.
 
 A bottle is a running, isolated environment with claude inside. Each
-platform exposes a factory (currently only Docker) that owns the
-end-to-end lifecycle: image build, container/sidecar launch, file
-provisioning, and teardown.
+platform exposes two functions:
 
-Selection is driven by the CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM env var (default
-"docker"). Per PRD 0003 the manifest does not carry a platform field;
-the host environment picks.
+  prepare(spec, stage_dir=...) -> Plan
+      Resolves names, validates host-side prerequisites, and writes
+      scratch files. No remote/runtime resources are created yet.
+      Safe to call before the y/N preflight.
+
+  launch(plan) -> ContextManager[Bottle]
+      Brings up the container (or VM, or remote machine), provisions
+      it, yields a Bottle handle, and tears everything down on exit.
+
+Selection is driven by CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM (default "docker"). Per
+PRD 0003 the manifest does not carry a platform field; the host
+environment picks.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Callable, Protocol
 
 from ..log import die
-from .docker import create_docker_bottle
+from .docker import launch_docker_bottle, prepare_docker_bottle
 
 
 class Bottle(Protocol):
-    """Handle to a running bottle. Yielded by a factory's context manager.
+    """Handle to a running bottle. Yielded by a platform's launch step.
 
     `exec_claude` runs `claude` inside the bottle and blocks until the
     session ends. `cp_in` copies a host path into the bottle. `close`
@@ -35,20 +43,30 @@ class Bottle(Protocol):
     def close(self) -> None: ...
 
 
-BottleFactory = Callable[..., AbstractContextManager[Bottle]]
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BottlePlatform:
+    """Bundles a platform's two-phase factory under one selectable name."""
+
+    name: str
+    prepare: Callable[..., object]
+    launch: Callable[..., AbstractContextManager[Bottle]]
 
 
-_FACTORIES: dict[str, BottleFactory] = {
-    "docker": create_docker_bottle,
+_PLATFORMS: dict[str, BottlePlatform] = {
+    "docker": BottlePlatform(
+        name="docker",
+        prepare=prepare_docker_bottle,
+        launch=launch_docker_bottle,
+    ),
 }
 
 
-def get_bottle_factory() -> BottleFactory:
-    """Resolve the bottle factory for the active platform. Dies with a
-    pointer at the known platforms if CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM names an
+def get_bottle_platform() -> BottlePlatform:
+    """Resolve the bottle platform for the active environment. Dies with
+    a pointer at the known platforms if CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM names an
     unimplemented one."""
     name = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM", "docker")
-    if name not in _FACTORIES:
-        known = ", ".join(sorted(_FACTORIES))
+    if name not in _PLATFORMS:
+        known = ", ".join(sorted(_PLATFORMS))
         die(f"unknown CLAUDE_BOTTLE_PLATFORM={name!r}; known platforms: {known}")
-    return _FACTORIES[name]
+    return _PLATFORMS[name]

claude_bottle/bottles/docker.py

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 """Docker bottle factory.
 
-`create_docker_bottle` owns the end-to-end Docker lifecycle:
+Two phases:
 
-  1. Probe whether gVisor (`runsc`) is registered with the daemon.
-  2. Build the base image (and a per-cwd derived image if --cwd).
-  3. Create the per-agent internal + egress networks.
-  4. Boot the pipelock sidecar on both networks.
-  5. Launch the agent container, with `--runtime=runsc` iff available.
-  6. Copy the prompt, skills, SSH keys, and (optionally) .git into the
-     running container.
-  7. Yield a `Bottle` handle for `exec_claude` / `cp_in`.
-  8. Tear everything down (container, sidecar, both networks) on exit.
+  prepare_docker_bottle(spec, stage_dir=...) -> DockerBottlePlan
+      Resolve names, validate host-side prerequisites, and write
+      scratch files (env_file, args_file, prompt, pipelock yaml) to
+      stage_dir. No Docker resources are created yet. Suitable to call
+      before the y/N preflight.
+
+  launch_docker_bottle(plan) -> ContextManager[Bottle]
+      Build the image, create networks, boot the pipelock sidecar,
+      launch the agent container (with `--runtime=runsc` iff the
+      daemon has gVisor registered), and copy prompt/skills/ssh/.git
+      into the running container. Teardown on exit.
 
 The Bottle Protocol lives in `claude_bottle.bottles.__init__`.
 """
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ from .. import network as network_mod
 from .. import pipelock
 from .. import skills as skills_mod
 from .. import ssh as ssh_mod
+from ..env_resolve import env_resolve
 from ..log import die, info
 from ..manifest import Manifest
 
@@ -39,9 +42,7 @@ from ..manifest import Manifest
 
 def runsc_available() -> bool:
     """Return True if the Docker daemon has the gVisor (`runsc`) runtime
-    registered. Called twice per `start`: once during the preflight to
-    render the runtime label, once inside the factory to set `--runtime`.
-    `docker info` is cheap; the duplication is not worth caching."""
+    registered. Called once per prepare; the result lives on the plan."""
     r = subprocess.run(
         ["docker", "info", "--format", "{{json .Runtimes}}"],
         capture_output=True,
@@ -50,58 +51,66 @@ def runsc_available() -> bool:
     return r.returncode == 0 and "runsc" in r.stdout
 
 
-def docker_runtime_label() -> str:
-    """Human-readable label for the runtime that `create_docker_bottle`
-    would select right now. Shown in the y/N preflight."""
-    return "runsc (gVisor)" if runsc_available() else "runc (default)"
-
-
-# --- Spec ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# --- Spec + Plan -----------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class DockerBottleSpec:
-    """Host-side inputs assembled by the CLI before factory entry. Every
-    field is a value the factory consumes; nothing here is platform-
-    agnostic enough yet to lift into a shared spec (only Docker exists)."""
+    """CLI-supplied inputs to the Docker factory. Small and intent-only;
+    everything else (image names, container name, scratch file paths,
+    runsc availability) is resolved by prepare_docker_bottle."""
 
-    agent_name: str
-    slug: str
     manifest: Manifest
+    agent_name: str
+    copy_cwd: bool
+    user_cwd: str
+    forward_oauth_token: bool
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DockerBottlePlan:
+    """Output of prepare_docker_bottle. Frozen; the launch step consumes
+    it without further resolution. show_plan reads from it directly."""
+
+    spec: DockerBottleSpec
+    slug: str
     container_name: str
     container_name_pinned: bool
     image: str
-    derived_image: str            # "" -> no derived image
-    runtime_image: str            # image to actually launch (derived or base)
-    user_cwd: str
-    copy_cwd_git: bool
+    derived_image: str           # "" -> no derived image
+    runtime_image: str           # image actually launched (derived or base)
     stage_dir: Path
-    prompt_file: Path
     env_file: Path
     args_file: Path
+    prompt_file: Path
     pipelock_yaml_path: Path
     pipelock_yaml_filename: str
-    forward_oauth_token: bool
+    allowlist_summary: str
+    use_runsc: bool
 
 
 # --- Bottle handle ---------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class _DockerBottle:
-    """Concrete Bottle for Docker. Holds the resolved container name and
-    a teardown closure. Not exported — the factory yields it via the
-    Bottle Protocol."""
+    """Concrete Bottle for Docker. Holds the container name plus the
+    in-container prompt path so exec_claude can transparently add
+    --append-system-prompt-file when a prompt was provisioned."""
 
-    def __init__(self, container: str, teardown):
+    def __init__(self, container: str, teardown, prompt_path_in_container: str | None):
         self.name = container
         self._teardown = teardown
+        self._prompt_path = prompt_path_in_container
         self._closed = False
 
     def exec_claude(self, argv: list[str], *, tty: bool = True) -> int:
+        full_argv = list(argv)
+        if self._prompt_path:
+            full_argv.extend(["--append-system-prompt-file", self._prompt_path])
         cmd = ["docker", "exec"]
         if tty:
             cmd.append("-it")
-        cmd.extend([self.name, "claude", *argv])
+        cmd.extend([self.name, "claude", *full_argv])
         return subprocess.run(cmd).returncode
 
     def cp_in(self, host_path: str, container_path: str) -> None:
@@ -118,7 +127,98 @@ class _DockerBottle:
         self._teardown()
 
 
-# --- Factory ---------------------------------------------------------------
+# --- Prepare ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def prepare_docker_bottle(spec: DockerBottleSpec, *, stage_dir: Path) -> DockerBottlePlan:
+    """Resolve names, validate, write scratch files. No Docker resources
+    are created; the only side effects are host-side files under
+    stage_dir and a probe of `docker info`."""
+    docker_mod.require_docker()
+
+    manifest = spec.manifest
+    manifest.require_agent(spec.agent_name)
+    agent = manifest.agents[spec.agent_name]
+    bottle = manifest.bottle_for(spec.agent_name)
+    bottle_name = agent.bottle
+
+    slug = docker_mod.slugify(spec.agent_name)
+
+    image = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_IMAGE", "claude-bottle:latest")
+    derived_image = ""
+    runtime_image = image
+    if spec.copy_cwd:
+        derived_image = os.environ.get(
+            "CLAUDE_BOTTLE_DERIVED_IMAGE", f"claude-bottle:cwd-{slug}"
+        )
+        runtime_image = derived_image
+
+    default_container = f"claude-bottle-{slug}"
+    pinned_container = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER", "")
+    container_name = pinned_container or default_container
+    container_name_pinned = bool(pinned_container)
+    suffix = 2
+    if container_name_pinned:
+        if docker_mod.container_exists(container_name):
+            die(
+                f"container '{container_name}' already exists "
+                f"(pinned via CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER). "
+                f"Remove it with 'docker rm -f {container_name}' or unset the override."
+            )
+    else:
+        while docker_mod.container_exists(container_name):
+            container_name = f"{default_container}-{suffix}"
+            suffix += 1
+            if suffix > 100:
+                die(
+                    f"could not find a free container name after "
+                    f"{default_container}-99; clean up old containers with "
+                    f"'docker rm -f <name>'"
+                )
+
+    if agent.skills:
+        skills_mod.skills_validate_all(list(agent.skills))
+    if bottle.ssh:
+        ssh_mod.ssh_validate_entries(bottle.ssh)
+
+    env_file = stage_dir / "agent.env"
+    args_file = stage_dir / "docker-args"
+    prompt_file = stage_dir / "prompt.txt"
+    pipelock_yaml_filename = "pipelock.yaml"
+    pipelock_yaml = stage_dir / pipelock_yaml_filename
+    env_file.write_text("")
+    env_file.chmod(0o600)
+    args_file.write_text("")
+    prompt_file.write_text("")
+    prompt_file.chmod(0o600)
+
+    pipelock.pipelock_write_yaml(manifest, bottle_name, pipelock_yaml)
+    env_resolve(manifest, spec.agent_name, env_file, args_file)
+    prompt_file.write_text(agent.prompt)
+
+    allowlist_summary = pipelock.pipelock_allowlist_summary(manifest, bottle_name)
+    use_runsc = runsc_available()
+
+    return DockerBottlePlan(
+        spec=spec,
+        slug=slug,
+        container_name=container_name,
+        container_name_pinned=container_name_pinned,
+        image=image,
+        derived_image=derived_image,
+        runtime_image=runtime_image,
+        stage_dir=stage_dir,
+        env_file=env_file,
+        args_file=args_file,
+        prompt_file=prompt_file,
+        pipelock_yaml_path=pipelock_yaml,
+        pipelock_yaml_filename=pipelock_yaml_filename,
+        allowlist_summary=allowlist_summary,
+        use_runsc=use_runsc,
+    )
+
+
+# --- Launch ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 # Where the repo root lives, for `docker build` context. Computed once.
@@ -126,10 +226,8 @@ _REPO_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent)
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def create_docker_bottle(spec: DockerBottleSpec) -> Iterator[_DockerBottle]:
+def launch_docker_bottle(plan: DockerBottlePlan) -> Iterator[_DockerBottle]:
     """Build, launch, and provision a Docker bottle. Teardown on exit."""
-    # Teardown bookkeeping. Each entry is populated as the matching
-    # resource comes up; teardown walks them in reverse, idempotently.
     state: dict[str, str] = {
         "container": "",
         "pipelock": "",
@@ -147,7 +245,7 @@ def create_docker_bottle(spec: DockerBottleSpec) -> Iterator[_DockerBottle]:
                 )
                 state["container"] = ""
             if state["pipelock"]:
-                pipelock.pipelock_stop(spec.slug)
+                pipelock.pipelock_stop(plan.slug)
                 state["pipelock"] = ""
             if state["internal_network"]:
                 network_mod.network_remove(state["internal_network"])
@@ -161,28 +259,28 @@ def create_docker_bottle(spec: DockerBottleSpec) -> Iterator[_DockerBottle]:
             pass
 
     try:
-        use_runsc = runsc_available()
+        docker_mod.build_image(plan.image, _REPO_DIR)
+        if plan.derived_image:
+            docker_mod.build_image_with_cwd(
+                plan.derived_image, plan.image, plan.spec.user_cwd
+            )
 
-        docker_mod.build_image(spec.image, _REPO_DIR)
-        if spec.derived_image:
-            docker_mod.build_image_with_cwd(spec.derived_image, spec.image, spec.user_cwd)
-
-        state["internal_network"] = network_mod.network_create_internal(spec.slug)
-        state["egress_network"] = network_mod.network_create_egress(spec.slug)
+        state["internal_network"] = network_mod.network_create_internal(plan.slug)
+        state["egress_network"] = network_mod.network_create_egress(plan.slug)
         state["pipelock"] = pipelock.pipelock_start(
-            spec.slug,
+            plan.slug,
             state["internal_network"],
             state["egress_network"],
-            spec.stage_dir,
-            spec.pipelock_yaml_filename,
+            plan.stage_dir,
+            plan.pipelock_yaml_filename,
         )
 
-        container = _run_agent_container(spec, state["internal_network"], use_runsc)
+        container = _run_agent_container(plan, state["internal_network"])
         state["container"] = container
 
-        _provision_container(spec, container)
+        prompt_path = _provision_container(plan, container)
 
-        bottle = _DockerBottle(container, teardown)
+        bottle = _DockerBottle(container, teardown, prompt_path)
         yield bottle
     finally:
         teardown()
@@ -191,30 +289,26 @@ def create_docker_bottle(spec: DockerBottleSpec) -> Iterator[_DockerBottle]:
 # --- Internals -------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _run_agent_container(
-    spec: DockerBottleSpec,
-    internal_network: str,
-    use_runsc: bool,
-) -> str:
+def _run_agent_container(plan: DockerBottlePlan, internal_network: str) -> str:
     """Build the `docker run` argv and execute it, handling name-conflict
     races by incrementing the suffix (unless the name was user-pinned).
     Returns the resolved container name."""
-    proxy_url = pipelock.pipelock_proxy_url(spec.slug)
+    proxy_url = pipelock.pipelock_proxy_url(plan.slug)
     docker_args: list[str] = [
         "--rm", "-d",
-        "--name", spec.container_name,
+        "--name", plan.container_name,
         "--network", internal_network,
         "-e", f"HTTPS_PROXY={proxy_url}",
         "-e", f"HTTP_PROXY={proxy_url}",
         "-e", "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1",
     ]
-    if use_runsc:
+    if plan.use_runsc:
         docker_args.extend(["--runtime", "runsc"])
-    if spec.env_file.stat().st_size > 0:
-        docker_args.extend(["--env-file", str(spec.env_file)])
+    if plan.env_file.stat().st_size > 0:
+        docker_args.extend(["--env-file", str(plan.env_file)])
 
     # ARGS_FILE pairs (-e, NAME) line-by-line.
-    args_lines = spec.args_file.read_text().splitlines()
+    args_lines = plan.args_file.read_text().splitlines()
     i = 0
     while i < len(args_lines):
         flag = args_lines[i]
@@ -227,16 +321,16 @@ def _run_agent_container(
         i += 1
         docker_args.extend([flag, vname])
 
-    if spec.forward_oauth_token:
+    if plan.spec.forward_oauth_token:
         os.environ["CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN"] = os.environ["CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN"]
         docker_args.extend(["-e", "CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN"])
 
-    docker_args.extend([spec.runtime_image, "sleep", "infinity"])
+    docker_args.extend([plan.runtime_image, "sleep", "infinity"])
 
-    info(f"starting container {spec.container_name} from {spec.runtime_image}")
+    info(f"starting container {plan.container_name} from {plan.runtime_image}")
 
-    container = spec.container_name
-    base_name = spec.container_name
+    container = plan.container_name
+    base_name = plan.container_name
     suffix = 2
     while True:
         run_result = subprocess.run(
@@ -247,7 +341,7 @@ def _run_agent_container(
         if run_result.returncode == 0:
             return container
         err_text = run_result.stderr
-        if spec.container_name_pinned or "is already in use" not in err_text:
+        if plan.container_name_pinned or "is already in use" not in err_text:
             sys.stderr.write(err_text + "\n")
             die(f"docker run failed for container '{container}'")
         if suffix > 100:
@@ -262,44 +356,45 @@ def _run_agent_container(
         info(f"name conflict; retrying as {container}")
 
 
-def _provision_container(spec: DockerBottleSpec, container: str) -> None:
+def _provision_container(plan: DockerBottlePlan, container: str) -> str | None:
     """Copy prompt, skills, ssh keys, and (optionally) .git into the
-    running container, fixing up ownership/mode where the host UID
-    would otherwise leave files unreadable by the in-container `node`."""
+    running container. Returns the in-container prompt path if a prompt
+    was provisioned, else None — the Bottle handle uses it to decide
+    whether to add --append-system-prompt-file to claude's argv."""
     container_home = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER_HOME", "/home/node")
-    container_prompt_path = f"{container_home}/.claude-bottle-prompt.txt"
+    in_container_prompt_path = f"{container_home}/.claude-bottle-prompt.txt"
 
     subprocess.run(
-        ["docker", "cp", str(spec.prompt_file), f"{container}:{container_prompt_path}"],
+        ["docker", "cp", str(plan.prompt_file), f"{container}:{in_container_prompt_path}"],
         stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
         check=True,
     )
     # `docker cp` preserves host UID; re-own/mode as root so node can
     # read its own mode-600 prompt regardless of host UID.
     subprocess.run(
-        ["docker", "exec", "-u", "0", container, "chown", "node:node", container_prompt_path],
+        ["docker", "exec", "-u", "0", container, "chown", "node:node", in_container_prompt_path],
         stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
         check=True,
     )
     subprocess.run(
-        ["docker", "exec", "-u", "0", container, "chmod", "600", container_prompt_path],
+        ["docker", "exec", "-u", "0", container, "chmod", "600", in_container_prompt_path],
         stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
         check=True,
     )
 
-    agent = spec.manifest.agents[spec.agent_name]
+    agent = plan.spec.manifest.agents[plan.spec.agent_name]
     if agent.skills:
         skills_mod.skills_copy_into(container, list(agent.skills))
 
-    bottle = spec.manifest.bottle_for(spec.agent_name)
+    bottle = plan.spec.manifest.bottle_for(plan.spec.agent_name)
     if bottle.ssh:
-        proxy_host_port = pipelock.pipelock_proxy_host_port(spec.slug)
-        ssh_mod.ssh_setup(container, spec.stage_dir, proxy_host_port, bottle.ssh)
+        proxy_host_port = pipelock.pipelock_proxy_host_port(plan.slug)
+        ssh_mod.ssh_setup(container, plan.stage_dir, proxy_host_port, bottle.ssh)
 
-    if spec.copy_cwd_git:
-        info(f"copying {spec.user_cwd}/.git -> {container}:/home/node/workspace/.git")
+    if plan.spec.copy_cwd and Path(plan.spec.user_cwd, ".git").is_dir():
+        info(f"copying {plan.spec.user_cwd}/.git -> {container}:/home/node/workspace/.git")
         subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "cp", f"{spec.user_cwd}/.git", f"{container}:/home/node/workspace/.git"],
+            ["docker", "cp", f"{plan.spec.user_cwd}/.git", f"{container}:/home/node/workspace/.git"],
             stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
             check=True,
         )
@@ -312,9 +407,4 @@ def _provision_container(spec: DockerBottleSpec, container: str) -> None:
             check=True,
         )
 
-
-def container_prompt_path() -> str:
-    """The path inside the container where the prompt file lands. Used
-    by start.py to pass `--append-system-prompt-file` to claude."""
-    container_home = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER_HOME", "/home/node")
-    return f"{container_home}/.claude-bottle-prompt.txt"
+    return in_container_prompt_path if agent.prompt else None

claude_bottle/cli/start.py

@@ -11,27 +11,17 @@ import sys
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from .. import docker as docker_mod
-from .. import pipelock
-from .. import skills as skills_mod
-from .. import ssh as ssh_mod
-from ..bottles import get_bottle_factory
-from ..bottles.docker import (
-    DockerBottleSpec,
-    container_prompt_path,
-    docker_runtime_label,
-)
-from ..env_resolve import env_resolve
-from ..log import die, info
+from ..bottles import get_bottle_platform
+from ..bottles.docker import DockerBottlePlan, DockerBottleSpec
+from ..log import info
 from ..manifest import Manifest
 from ._common import PROG, USER_CWD, read_tty_line
 
 
-def show_plan(spec: DockerBottleSpec, *, remote_control: bool) -> None:
-    """Render the y/N preflight summary to stderr. Pure presentation;
-    reads manifest-backed fields off `spec` and probes the Docker
-    runtime label. `remote_control` is the only field not already on
-    the spec — it's a claude CLI flag, not a bottle property."""
+def show_plan(plan: DockerBottlePlan, *, remote_control: bool) -> None:
+    """Render the y/N preflight summary to stderr. Reads everything off
+    the plan; pure presentation."""
+    spec = plan.spec
     manifest = spec.manifest
     agent = manifest.agents[spec.agent_name]
     bottle = manifest.bottle_for(spec.agent_name)
@@ -41,28 +31,28 @@ def show_plan(spec: DockerBottleSpec, *, remote_control: bool) -> None:
         env_names.append("CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN")
 
     ssh_hosts = [e.Host for e in bottle.ssh]
-    allowlist_summary = pipelock.pipelock_allowlist_summary(manifest, agent.bottle)
     prompt_first_line = agent.prompt.splitlines()[0] if agent.prompt else ""
+    runtime_label = "runsc (gVisor)" if plan.use_runsc else "runc (default)"
 
     print(file=sys.stderr)
     info(f"agent           : {spec.agent_name}")
-    info(f"image           : {spec.image}")
-    if spec.derived_image:
+    info(f"image           : {plan.image}")
+    if plan.derived_image:
         info(
             f"cwd             : {spec.user_cwd} -> /home/node/workspace "
-            f"(derived: {spec.derived_image})"
+            f"(derived: {plan.derived_image})"
         )
-    info(f"container       : {spec.container_name}")
-    info(f"stage dir       : {spec.stage_dir}")
+    info(f"container       : {plan.container_name}")
+    info(f"stage dir       : {plan.stage_dir}")
     info("env (names only): " + (", ".join(env_names) if env_names else "(none)"))
     info("skills          : " + (" ".join(agent.skills) if agent.skills else "(none)"))
-    info(f"docker runtime  : {docker_runtime_label()}")
+    info(f"docker runtime  : {runtime_label}")
     info(f"bottle             : {agent.bottle}")
     if ssh_hosts:
         info(f"  ssh hosts     : {', '.join(ssh_hosts)}")
     else:
         info("  ssh hosts     : (none)")
-    info(f"  egress        : {allowlist_summary}")
+    info(f"  egress        : {plan.allowlist_summary}")
     info(
         f"prompt          : {len(agent.prompt)} chars; "
         f"first line: {prompt_first_line or '(empty)'}"
@@ -81,97 +71,20 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
 
     dry_run = args.dry_run or os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_DRY_RUN") == "1"
 
-    name = args.name
-    slug = docker_mod.slugify(name)
-
-    image = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_IMAGE", "claude-bottle:latest")
-    default_container = f"claude-bottle-{slug}"
-    pinned_container = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER", "")
-
-    runtime_image = image
-    derived_image = ""
-    if args.cwd:
-        derived_image = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_DERIVED_IMAGE", f"claude-bottle:cwd-{slug}")
-        runtime_image = derived_image
-
-    docker_mod.require_docker()
     manifest = Manifest.resolve(USER_CWD)
-    manifest.require_agent(name)
-    agent = manifest.agents[name]
-    bottle_name = agent.bottle
-    bottle = manifest.bottle_for(name)
-
-    container = pinned_container or default_container
-    suffix = 2
-    if pinned_container:
-        if docker_mod.container_exists(container):
-            die(
-                f"container '{container}' already exists "
-                f"(pinned via CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER). "
-                f"Remove it with 'docker rm -f {container}' or unset the override."
-            )
-    else:
-        while docker_mod.container_exists(container):
-            container = f"{default_container}-{suffix}"
-            suffix += 1
-            if suffix > 100:
-                die(
-                    f"could not find a free container name after "
-                    f"{default_container}-99; clean up old containers with "
-                    f"'docker rm -f <name>'"
-                )
-
-    # CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN → CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN forwarding.
-    # Host-side token is always forwarded so every container can authenticate.
-    forward_oauth_token = bool(os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN"))
-
-    if agent.skills:
-        skills_mod.skills_validate_all(list(agent.skills))
-
-    if bottle.ssh:
-        ssh_mod.ssh_validate_entries(bottle.ssh)
+    spec = DockerBottleSpec(
+        manifest=manifest,
+        agent_name=args.name,
+        copy_cwd=args.cwd,
+        user_cwd=USER_CWD,
+        forward_oauth_token=bool(os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN")),
+    )
 
     stage_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="claude-bottle-stage."))
-    env_file = stage_dir / "agent.env"
-    args_file = stage_dir / "docker-args"
-    prompt_file = stage_dir / "prompt.txt"
-    pipelock_yaml_filename = "pipelock.yaml"
-    pipelock_yaml = stage_dir / pipelock_yaml_filename
-    env_file.write_text("")
-    env_file.chmod(0o600)
-    args_file.write_text("")
-    prompt_file.write_text("")
-    prompt_file.chmod(0o600)
-
     try:
-        pipelock.pipelock_write_yaml(manifest, bottle_name, pipelock_yaml)
-
-        env_resolve(manifest, name, env_file, args_file)
-
-        prompt_content = agent.prompt
-        prompt_file.write_text(prompt_content)
-
-        spec = DockerBottleSpec(
-            agent_name=name,
-            slug=slug,
-            manifest=manifest,
-            container_name=container,
-            container_name_pinned=bool(pinned_container),
-            image=image,
-            derived_image=derived_image,
-            runtime_image=runtime_image,
-            user_cwd=USER_CWD,
-            copy_cwd_git=bool(args.cwd and Path(USER_CWD, ".git").is_dir()),
-            stage_dir=stage_dir,
-            prompt_file=prompt_file,
-            env_file=env_file,
-            args_file=args_file,
-            pipelock_yaml_path=pipelock_yaml,
-            pipelock_yaml_filename=pipelock_yaml_filename,
-            forward_oauth_token=forward_oauth_token,
-        )
-
-        show_plan(spec, remote_control=args.remote_control)
+        platform = get_bottle_platform()
+        plan = platform.prepare(spec, stage_dir=stage_dir)
+        show_plan(plan, remote_control=args.remote_control)
 
         if dry_run:
             info("dry-run requested; not starting container.")
@@ -184,8 +97,7 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
             info("aborted by user")
             return 0
 
-        factory = get_bottle_factory()
-        with factory(spec) as bottle_handle:
+        with platform.launch(plan) as bottle:
             info(
                 "attaching interactive claude session "
                 "(Ctrl-D or 'exit' to leave; container will be removed)"
@@ -193,12 +105,8 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
             claude_args = ["--dangerously-skip-permissions"]
             if args.remote_control:
                 claude_args.append("--remote-control")
-            if prompt_content:
-                claude_args.extend(
-                    ["--append-system-prompt-file", container_prompt_path()]
-                )
-            bottle_handle.exec_claude(claude_args, tty=True)
-            info(f"session ended; container {bottle_handle.name} will be removed")
+            bottle.exec_claude(claude_args, tty=True)
+            info(f"session ended; container {bottle.name} will be removed")
             return 0
     finally:
         shutil.rmtree(stage_dir, ignore_errors=True)