refactor(docker): split backend.py into prepare / launch / cleanup
test / unit (push) Successful in 11s
test / integration (push) Failing after 12s

Move the resolution, bring-up, and orphan-cleanup logic out of
backend.py into three topic-named modules. DockerBottleBackend becomes
a thin façade that wires the per-instance pipelock proxy and the
provision orchestrator into the free functions.

backend.py drops from ~360 to ~70 lines and each topic now reads
end-to-end in one place. Mirrors the existing provision/ split.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-12 10:56:22 -04:00
parent 339d40f8c9
commit 1546acad00
5 changed files with 399 additions and 307 deletions
+5 -1
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@@ -4,10 +4,14 @@ The bulk of the implementation lives in sibling modules:
- util: thin Docker subprocess wrappers
- network: Docker network plumbing
- pipelock: DockerPipelockProxy lifecycle
- bottle_plan: DockerBottlePlan
- bottle_cleanup_plan: DockerBottleCleanupPlan
- bottle: DockerBottle handle
- backend: DockerBottleBackend
- prepare: host-side resolution into a DockerBottlePlan
- launch: bring-up + teardown context manager
- cleanup: orphan enumeration, removal, active listing
- backend: DockerBottleBackend façade wiring the above
This file only re-exports the public names so
`from claude_bottle.backend.docker import DockerBottleBackend` keeps
+18 -306
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@@ -1,54 +1,35 @@
"""DockerBottleBackend — the Docker implementation of BottleBackend.
This module is a thin façade. The real work lives in three siblings:
- prepare.py — host-side resolution into a DockerBottlePlan
- launch.py — bring-up + teardown context manager
- cleanup.py — orphan enumeration, removal, and active listing
The base class's `prepare` template runs cross-backend host-side
validation, then calls this module's `_resolve_plan` for the Docker-
specific resolution. Other public methods are backend-implemented as
declared on `BottleBackend`.
validation before calling `_resolve_plan` here.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import dataclasses
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Generator
from ... import pipelock
from ...env import ResolvedEnv, resolve_env
from ...log import die, info
from .. import BottleBackend, BottleSpec
from . import network as network_mod
from . import util as docker_mod
from . import cleanup as _cleanup
from . import launch as _launch
from . import prepare as _prepare
from .bottle import DockerBottle
from .bottle_cleanup_plan import DockerBottleCleanupPlan
from .bottle_plan import DockerBottlePlan
from .pipelock import (
DockerPipelockProxy,
pipelock_proxy_url,
)
from .pipelock import DockerPipelockProxy
from .provision import git as _git
from .provision import prompt as _prompt
from .provision import skills as _skills
from .provision import ssh as _ssh
# Where the repo root lives, for `docker build` context. Computed once.
_REPO_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent)
def _force_remove_container(name: str) -> None:
if docker_mod.container_exists(name):
subprocess.run(
["docker", "rm", "-f", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
class DockerBottleBackend(BottleBackend["DockerBottlePlan", "DockerBottleCleanupPlan"]):
"""Docker backend implementation. Selected by CLAUDE_BOTTLE_BACKEND
(default)."""
@@ -59,200 +40,12 @@ class DockerBottleBackend(BottleBackend["DockerBottlePlan", "DockerBottleCleanup
self._proxy = DockerPipelockProxy()
def _resolve_plan(self, spec: BottleSpec, *, stage_dir: Path) -> DockerBottlePlan:
"""Resolve Docker-specific names, write scratch files. No
Docker resources are created; the only side effects are
host-side files under stage_dir and a probe of `docker info`.
Cross-backend validation has already run via the base class's
`prepare` template."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
manifest = spec.manifest
agent = manifest.agents[spec.agent_name]
bottle = manifest.bottle_for(spec.agent_name)
slug = docker_mod.slugify(spec.agent_name)
image = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_IMAGE", "claude-bottle:latest")
derived_image = ""
runtime_image = image
if spec.copy_cwd:
derived_image = os.environ.get(
"CLAUDE_BOTTLE_DERIVED_IMAGE", f"claude-bottle:cwd-{slug}"
)
runtime_image = derived_image
default_container = f"claude-bottle-{slug}"
pinned_container = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER", "")
container_name_pinned = bool(pinned_container)
if container_name_pinned:
container_name = pinned_container
if docker_mod.container_exists(container_name):
die(
f"container '{container_name}' already exists "
f"(pinned via CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER). "
f"Remove it with 'docker rm -f {container_name}' or unset the override."
)
else:
container_name = ""
for candidate in docker_mod.container_name_candidates(default_container):
if not docker_mod.container_exists(candidate):
container_name = candidate
break
if not container_name:
die(
f"could not find a free container name after "
f"{default_container}-{docker_mod.MAX_CONTAINER_SUFFIX}; "
f"clean up old containers with 'docker rm -f <name>'"
)
env_file = stage_dir / "agent.env"
prompt_file = stage_dir / "prompt.txt"
prompt_file.write_text("")
prompt_file.chmod(0o600)
proxy_plan = self._proxy.prepare(bottle, slug, stage_dir)
resolved = resolve_env(manifest, spec.agent_name)
# Everything that should reach the bottle by-name (so its value
# never lands on argv or in env_file) goes into one dict. The
# rename from CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN to CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN
# happens here; nothing mutates the host os.environ.
forwarded_env: dict[str, str] = dict(resolved.forwarded)
if spec.forward_oauth_token:
forwarded_env["CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN"] = os.environ["CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN"]
self._write_env_file(resolved, env_file)
prompt_file.write_text(agent.prompt)
allowlist_summary = pipelock.pipelock_allowlist_summary(bottle)
use_runsc = docker_mod.runsc_available()
return DockerBottlePlan(
spec=spec,
stage_dir=stage_dir,
slug=slug,
container_name=container_name,
container_name_pinned=container_name_pinned,
image=image,
derived_image=derived_image,
runtime_image=runtime_image,
env_file=env_file,
forwarded_env=forwarded_env,
prompt_file=prompt_file,
proxy_plan=proxy_plan,
allowlist_summary=allowlist_summary,
use_runsc=use_runsc,
)
def _write_env_file(self, resolved: ResolvedEnv, env_file: Path) -> None:
"""Serialize the literal portion of a ResolvedEnv into docker's
`--env-file` syntax (NAME=VALUE per line, mode 600 since the
file may carry verbatim values from the manifest). Forwarded
names ride on the plan as a structured tuple instead."""
env_lines: list[str] = []
for name, value in resolved.literals.items():
if "\n" in value:
die(
f"env entry {name} (literal) contains a newline; "
f"docker --env-file cannot represent multi-line values."
)
env_lines.append(f"{name}={value}")
env_file.write_text("\n".join(env_lines) + ("\n" if env_lines else ""))
env_file.chmod(0o600)
return _prepare.resolve_plan(spec, stage_dir=stage_dir, proxy=self._proxy)
@contextmanager
def launch(self, plan: DockerBottlePlan) -> Generator[DockerBottle, None, None]:
"""Build, launch, and provision a Docker bottle. Teardown on exit."""
stack = ExitStack()
def teardown() -> None:
try:
stack.close()
except BaseException:
# Teardown must not raise; swallow so the caller's
# __exit__ path can still propagate the original error.
pass
try:
docker_mod.build_image(plan.image, _REPO_DIR)
if plan.derived_image:
docker_mod.build_image_with_cwd(
plan.derived_image, plan.image, plan.spec.user_cwd
)
internal_network = network_mod.network_create_internal(plan.slug)
stack.callback(network_mod.network_remove, internal_network)
egress_network = network_mod.network_create_egress(plan.slug)
stack.callback(network_mod.network_remove, egress_network)
proxy_plan = dataclasses.replace(
plan.proxy_plan,
internal_network=internal_network,
egress_network=egress_network,
)
pipelock_name = self._proxy.start(proxy_plan)
stack.callback(self._proxy.stop, pipelock_name)
container = self._run_agent_container(plan, internal_network)
stack.callback(_force_remove_container, container)
prompt_path = self.provision(plan, container)
yield DockerBottle(container, teardown, prompt_path)
finally:
teardown()
def _run_agent_container(self, plan: DockerBottlePlan, internal_network: str) -> str:
"""Build the `docker run` argv and execute it, handling
name-conflict races by incrementing the suffix (unless the name
was user-pinned). Returns the resolved container name."""
proxy_url = pipelock_proxy_url(plan.slug)
docker_args: list[str] = [
"--rm", "-d",
"--name", plan.container_name,
"--network", internal_network,
"-e", f"HTTPS_PROXY={proxy_url}",
"-e", f"HTTP_PROXY={proxy_url}",
"-e", "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1",
]
if plan.use_runsc:
docker_args.extend(["--runtime", "runsc"])
if plan.env_file.stat().st_size > 0:
docker_args.extend(["--env-file", str(plan.env_file)])
for name in plan.forwarded_env:
docker_args.extend(["-e", name])
docker_args.extend([plan.runtime_image, "sleep", "infinity"])
info(f"starting container {plan.container_name} from {plan.runtime_image}")
# Inject forwarded values (secrets, interpolated host vars, the
# renamed OAuth token) into the docker-run child's env so the
# `-e NAME` flags above pick them up — without touching our own
# os.environ or putting values on argv.
child_env: dict[str, str] = {**os.environ, **plan.forwarded_env}
name_idx = docker_args.index("--name") + 1
for candidate in docker_mod.container_name_candidates(plan.container_name):
docker_args[name_idx] = candidate
run_result = subprocess.run(
["docker", "run", *docker_args],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
env=child_env,
check=False,
)
if run_result.returncode == 0:
return candidate
err_text = run_result.stderr
if plan.container_name_pinned or "is already in use" not in err_text:
sys.stderr.write(err_text + "\n")
die(f"docker run failed for container '{candidate}'")
info(f"name conflict on {candidate}; retrying with next candidate")
die(
f"could not find a free container name after "
f"{plan.container_name}-{docker_mod.MAX_CONTAINER_SUFFIX} retries; "
f"clean up old containers"
)
with _launch.launch(plan, proxy=self._proxy, provision=self.provision) as bottle:
yield bottle
def provision_prompt(self, plan: DockerBottlePlan, target: str) -> str | None:
return _prompt.provision_prompt(plan, target)
@@ -266,92 +59,11 @@ class DockerBottleBackend(BottleBackend["DockerBottlePlan", "DockerBottleCleanup
def provision_git(self, plan: DockerBottlePlan, target: str) -> None:
_git.provision_git(plan, target)
# --- Cleanup ---
def prepare_cleanup(self) -> DockerBottleCleanupPlan:
"""Enumerate all claude-bottle-prefixed containers (running or
stopped) and networks. No removals — caller confirms first."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
# `docker ps -a --filter name=...` uses regex matching; anchor at
# the start so we don't pick up containers that merely contain
# "claude-bottle-" mid-name.
cr = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "ps", "-a",
"--filter", "name=^claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Names}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
containers = tuple(sorted(
line for line in (cr.stdout or "").splitlines() if line
))
# `docker network ls --filter name=...` uses substring matching.
# "claude-bottle-" is specific enough that false positives are
# not a concern.
nr = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "network", "ls",
"--filter", "name=claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Name}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
networks = tuple(sorted(
line for line in (nr.stdout or "").splitlines() if line
))
return DockerBottleCleanupPlan(containers=containers, networks=networks)
return _cleanup.prepare_cleanup()
def cleanup(self, plan: DockerBottleCleanupPlan) -> None:
"""Remove the containers and networks listed in the plan.
Containers first; networks would refuse to delete while
containers are still attached."""
for name in plan.containers:
info(f"removing container {name}")
subprocess.run(
["docker", "rm", "-f", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
for name in plan.networks:
info(f"removing network {name}")
subprocess.run(
["docker", "network", "rm", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
# --- List ---
_cleanup.cleanup(plan)
def list_active(self) -> None:
"""Print all running claude-bottle containers (name + status).
Prints a single-line banner if there are none."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
result = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "ps",
"--filter", "name=^claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
containers = (result.stdout or "").strip()
if not containers:
info("no active claude-bottle containers")
return
print()
for line in containers.splitlines():
name, _, status = line.partition("\t")
info(f"container: {name} status: {status}")
print()
_cleanup.list_active()
+104
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@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
"""Cleanup + active-listing for the Docker bottle backend.
`prepare_cleanup` enumerates orphaned `claude-bottle-` containers and
networks; `cleanup` removes them. `list_active` queries the same
namespace for ad-hoc inspection. All three share a single concern:
acting on resources whose names start with `claude-bottle-`.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import subprocess
from ...log import info
from . import util as docker_mod
from .bottle_cleanup_plan import DockerBottleCleanupPlan
def prepare_cleanup() -> DockerBottleCleanupPlan:
"""Enumerate all claude-bottle-prefixed containers (running or
stopped) and networks. No removals — caller confirms first."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
# `docker ps -a --filter name=...` uses regex matching; anchor at
# the start so we don't pick up containers that merely contain
# "claude-bottle-" mid-name.
cr = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "ps", "-a",
"--filter", "name=^claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Names}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
containers = tuple(sorted(
line for line in (cr.stdout or "").splitlines() if line
))
# `docker network ls --filter name=...` uses substring matching.
# "claude-bottle-" is specific enough that false positives are
# not a concern.
nr = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "network", "ls",
"--filter", "name=claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Name}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
networks = tuple(sorted(
line for line in (nr.stdout or "").splitlines() if line
))
return DockerBottleCleanupPlan(containers=containers, networks=networks)
def cleanup(plan: DockerBottleCleanupPlan) -> None:
"""Remove the containers and networks listed in the plan.
Containers first; networks would refuse to delete while containers
are still attached."""
for name in plan.containers:
info(f"removing container {name}")
subprocess.run(
["docker", "rm", "-f", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
for name in plan.networks:
info(f"removing network {name}")
subprocess.run(
["docker", "network", "rm", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
def list_active() -> None:
"""Print all running claude-bottle containers (name + status).
Prints a single-line banner if there are none."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
result = subprocess.run(
[
"docker", "ps",
"--filter", "name=^claude-bottle-",
"--format", "{{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}",
],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
containers = (result.stdout or "").strip()
if not containers:
info("no active claude-bottle containers")
return
print()
for line in containers.splitlines():
name, _, status = line.partition("\t")
info(f"container: {name} status: {status}")
print()
+145
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@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
"""Launch step for the Docker bottle backend.
`launch` is a context manager: builds the image(s), creates the per-
agent networks, brings up the pipelock sidecar, starts the agent
container, then runs the provision step. Teardown is sequenced via an
ExitStack so callbacks fire in reverse-order of registration even if
something raises mid-bring-up.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import dataclasses
import os
import subprocess
import sys
from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Callable, Generator
from ...log import die, info
from . import network as network_mod
from . import util as docker_mod
from .bottle import DockerBottle
from .bottle_plan import DockerBottlePlan
from .pipelock import DockerPipelockProxy, pipelock_proxy_url
# Where the repo root lives, for `docker build` context. Computed once.
_REPO_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent)
@contextmanager
def launch(
plan: DockerBottlePlan,
*,
proxy: DockerPipelockProxy,
provision: Callable[[DockerBottlePlan, str], str | None],
) -> Generator[DockerBottle, None, None]:
"""Build, launch, and provision a Docker bottle. Teardown on exit.
`provision` is the backend's provision orchestrator (passed in so
this module stays free of backend-class plumbing)."""
stack = ExitStack()
def teardown() -> None:
try:
stack.close()
except BaseException:
# Teardown must not raise; swallow so the caller's
# __exit__ path can still propagate the original error.
pass
try:
docker_mod.build_image(plan.image, _REPO_DIR)
if plan.derived_image:
docker_mod.build_image_with_cwd(
plan.derived_image, plan.image, plan.spec.user_cwd
)
internal_network = network_mod.network_create_internal(plan.slug)
stack.callback(network_mod.network_remove, internal_network)
egress_network = network_mod.network_create_egress(plan.slug)
stack.callback(network_mod.network_remove, egress_network)
proxy_plan = dataclasses.replace(
plan.proxy_plan,
internal_network=internal_network,
egress_network=egress_network,
)
pipelock_name = proxy.start(proxy_plan)
stack.callback(proxy.stop, pipelock_name)
container = _run_agent_container(plan, internal_network)
stack.callback(_force_remove_container, container)
prompt_path = provision(plan, container)
yield DockerBottle(container, teardown, prompt_path)
finally:
teardown()
def _run_agent_container(plan: DockerBottlePlan, internal_network: str) -> str:
"""Build the `docker run` argv and execute it, handling name-
conflict races by incrementing the suffix (unless the name was
user-pinned). Returns the resolved container name."""
proxy_url = pipelock_proxy_url(plan.slug)
docker_args: list[str] = [
"--rm", "-d",
"--name", plan.container_name,
"--network", internal_network,
"-e", f"HTTPS_PROXY={proxy_url}",
"-e", f"HTTP_PROXY={proxy_url}",
"-e", "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1",
]
if plan.use_runsc:
docker_args.extend(["--runtime", "runsc"])
if plan.env_file.stat().st_size > 0:
docker_args.extend(["--env-file", str(plan.env_file)])
for name in plan.forwarded_env:
docker_args.extend(["-e", name])
docker_args.extend([plan.runtime_image, "sleep", "infinity"])
info(f"starting container {plan.container_name} from {plan.runtime_image}")
# Inject forwarded values (secrets, interpolated host vars, the
# renamed OAuth token) into the docker-run child's env so the
# `-e NAME` flags above pick them up — without touching our own
# os.environ or putting values on argv.
child_env: dict[str, str] = {**os.environ, **plan.forwarded_env}
name_idx = docker_args.index("--name") + 1
for candidate in docker_mod.container_name_candidates(plan.container_name):
docker_args[name_idx] = candidate
run_result = subprocess.run(
["docker", "run", *docker_args],
capture_output=True,
text=True,
env=child_env,
check=False,
)
if run_result.returncode == 0:
return candidate
err_text = run_result.stderr
if plan.container_name_pinned or "is already in use" not in err_text:
sys.stderr.write(err_text + "\n")
die(f"docker run failed for container '{candidate}'")
info(f"name conflict on {candidate}; retrying with next candidate")
die(
f"could not find a free container name after "
f"{plan.container_name}-{docker_mod.MAX_CONTAINER_SUFFIX} retries; "
f"clean up old containers"
)
def _force_remove_container(name: str) -> None:
if docker_mod.container_exists(name):
subprocess.run(
["docker", "rm", "-f", name],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
check=False,
)
+127
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@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
"""Prepare step for the Docker bottle backend.
`resolve_plan` does all host-side resolution (image and container
names, env-file, prompt-file, proxy plan, runtime detection) and
returns a frozen DockerBottlePlan. No Docker resources are created;
the only side effects are scratch files under `stage_dir` and a probe
of `docker info`. Cross-backend host-side validation has already run
via the base class's `prepare` template before this is called.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import os
from pathlib import Path
from ... import pipelock
from ...env import ResolvedEnv, resolve_env
from ...log import die
from .. import BottleSpec
from . import util as docker_mod
from .bottle_plan import DockerBottlePlan
from .pipelock import DockerPipelockProxy
def resolve_plan(
spec: BottleSpec,
*,
stage_dir: Path,
proxy: DockerPipelockProxy,
) -> DockerBottlePlan:
"""Resolve Docker-specific names and write scratch files. Trusts
that the agent and its skills/SSH keys are present — validation
already ran in the base class."""
docker_mod.require_docker()
manifest = spec.manifest
agent = manifest.agents[spec.agent_name]
bottle = manifest.bottle_for(spec.agent_name)
slug = docker_mod.slugify(spec.agent_name)
image = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_IMAGE", "claude-bottle:latest")
derived_image = ""
runtime_image = image
if spec.copy_cwd:
derived_image = os.environ.get(
"CLAUDE_BOTTLE_DERIVED_IMAGE", f"claude-bottle:cwd-{slug}"
)
runtime_image = derived_image
default_container = f"claude-bottle-{slug}"
pinned_container = os.environ.get("CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER", "")
container_name_pinned = bool(pinned_container)
if container_name_pinned:
container_name = pinned_container
if docker_mod.container_exists(container_name):
die(
f"container '{container_name}' already exists "
f"(pinned via CLAUDE_BOTTLE_CONTAINER). "
f"Remove it with 'docker rm -f {container_name}' or unset the override."
)
else:
container_name = ""
for candidate in docker_mod.container_name_candidates(default_container):
if not docker_mod.container_exists(candidate):
container_name = candidate
break
if not container_name:
die(
f"could not find a free container name after "
f"{default_container}-{docker_mod.MAX_CONTAINER_SUFFIX}; "
f"clean up old containers with 'docker rm -f <name>'"
)
env_file = stage_dir / "agent.env"
prompt_file = stage_dir / "prompt.txt"
prompt_file.write_text("")
prompt_file.chmod(0o600)
proxy_plan = proxy.prepare(bottle, slug, stage_dir)
resolved = resolve_env(manifest, spec.agent_name)
# Everything that should reach the bottle by-name (so its value
# never lands on argv or in env_file) goes into one dict. The
# rename from CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN to CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN
# happens here; nothing mutates the host os.environ.
forwarded_env: dict[str, str] = dict(resolved.forwarded)
if spec.forward_oauth_token:
forwarded_env["CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN"] = os.environ["CLAUDE_BOTTLE_OAUTH_TOKEN"]
_write_env_file(resolved, env_file)
prompt_file.write_text(agent.prompt)
allowlist_summary = pipelock.pipelock_allowlist_summary(bottle)
use_runsc = docker_mod.runsc_available()
return DockerBottlePlan(
spec=spec,
stage_dir=stage_dir,
slug=slug,
container_name=container_name,
container_name_pinned=container_name_pinned,
image=image,
derived_image=derived_image,
runtime_image=runtime_image,
env_file=env_file,
forwarded_env=forwarded_env,
prompt_file=prompt_file,
proxy_plan=proxy_plan,
allowlist_summary=allowlist_summary,
use_runsc=use_runsc,
)
def _write_env_file(resolved: ResolvedEnv, env_file: Path) -> None:
"""Serialize the literal portion of a ResolvedEnv into docker's
`--env-file` syntax (NAME=VALUE per line, mode 600 since the file
may carry verbatim values from the manifest). Forwarded names ride
on the plan as a structured tuple instead."""
env_lines: list[str] = []
for name, value in resolved.literals.items():
if "\n" in value:
die(
f"env entry {name} (literal) contains a newline; "
f"docker --env-file cannot represent multi-line values."
)
env_lines.append(f"{name}={value}")
env_file.write_text("\n".join(env_lines) + ("\n" if env_lines else ""))
env_file.chmod(0o600)