Findings at n=9 (50 triangulations, orbits fully exhaustible):
- 36 bridge-derived, 14 NOT bridge-derived. So bridge-derived is a PROPER
subclass of derived (49 derived at n=9). All 14 non-bridge graphs are
intertwining trees -- as are all 50, necessarily: intertwining tree
<=> dual Hamiltonian, and the smallest non-Hamiltonian 3-connected cubic
planar graph has 38 vertices, i.e. dual on 2n-4=38 => n=21. Hence every
triangulation with n<=20 is an intertwining tree, and the disjunction
"bridge-derived OR intertwining" is trivially true below n=21. The 4
Holton-McKay duals are the first non-intertwining triangulations.
- Static parity-subgraph invariants (Betti numbers, component counts,
cross-edge count, existence of an all-forest partition) do NOT separate
bridge-derived from non-bridge-derived -- both classes realize beta=0
partitions and identical ranges. Bridge-derivability is dynamical, not a
simple static invariant; no easy obstruction.
- Side lemma: every valid parity partition of an n-vertex triangulation has
exactly 2n-4 cross edges (intra-edges = n-2). Holds for all n=9 graphs.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- fast_bridge.py: states as 210-bit integer edge-bitmasks (compact memory,
O(1) set ops); build a NetworkX graph only once per state for the planar
embedding; parity-subgraph bridges via one iterative DFS per state instead
of per-edge subgraph copies. Validated identical orbits to the slow version;
throughput ~5170 states/s vs ~1100 (graph.copy was 66% of old runtime).
- fast_decide.py: integrated, gated ELG-witness check (only even-class
sources with all-opposite-class neighbourhoods are tested with the
ground-truth is_even_level_graph, then parity match). Witness detection
validated (ELGs -> True, T*_9 -> False).
- Feasibility finding: bridge orbits are ~100x smaller than full E/O orbits
but still 1e5-1e6 states per labelling (partitions 0,1 of dual 0 exceed
310k and 685k without exhausting), x ~150 valid parity partitions per dual.
Exhausting every orbit -- required for a conclusive NEGATIVE -- is
computationally infeasible. A conclusive POSITIVE (witness ELG) remains
reachable; none found so far.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Define bridge switch (E/O switch whose new same-parity edge is a bridge
in its parity subgraph) and bridge-derived level graph in the paper.
Note that bridge switches preserve bipartite parity subgraphs, so every
bridge-derived level graph is automatically valid.
- Discover the E/O-switch relation is directed (irreversible when a switch
produces a cross-parity edge); T*_9 reaches an ELG forward but no ELG
reaches it, explaining why it is not derived. This rules out a simple
switch-invariant characterization.
- Bridge orbits are far smaller than full E/O orbits (~10^4 vs ~10^8 for
some labellings), making exhaustive search feasible. Each of the 4 open
duals has ~150 valid parity partitions; exhaustive bridge-orbit search
per partition can decide bridge-derivability conclusively.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Add Theorem: maximal planar G is an intertwining tree iff its dual
G* is Hamiltonian (Tait-style Jordan-curve argument). Consequence:
smallest non-intertwining-tree triangulations are the 6 duals of the
38-vertex Holton-McKay graphs, at n=21.
- Load the 6 graphs from McKay's authoritative planar_code file
(nonham38m4.pc), verified: 38 vertices, cubic, planar, non-Hamiltonian.
- All 6 duals confirmed not intertwining trees (exhaustive 2^20 check).
- 2 of 6 duals are themselves Even Level Graphs (sources 9, 10), hence
derived level graphs -- first cases where the derived disjunct does
work the intertwining-tree disjunct cannot.
- Remaining 4: bounded E/O-orbit search inconclusive; status open. This
is the first genuinely undetermined instance of the conjecture.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Disjunction (every maximal planar graph is a derived level graph or
intertwining tree) holds through n=12. New intertwining-only iso class
at n=12 (analog of T*_9 at n=9) brings the count of derived-resistant
iso classes to 2 in this range. Per the intertwining-tree ⟺
Hamiltonian-dual equivalence, intertwining-tree failures cannot occur
until n=21 (dual of the 38-vertex Holton-McKay minimum Tait
counterexample).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- New paper papers/even_level_graph_generators/: defines Even Level
Graph (every level cycle even), derived level graphs, intertwining
trees, and the disjunction conjecture (every maximal planar graph is
a derived level graph or intertwining tree). Empirically tested
through n=11: every iso class is at least an intertwining tree, so
the disjunction holds trivially in this range. The intertwining tree
disjunct fails at the Tutte graph dual (n=25), so the disjunction
becomes non-trivial past some unknown threshold.
- Level Switching paper: adds Section 4 (Reachability via edge
switches) with the two-step argument (Sleator-Tarjan-Thurston for
Case 1; face-merges for Case 2) and Theorem 4.1 (O(n) edge switches
suffice to reach all-depth-0).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
didericis