Verify Remark 5.8 on genuine bite treads

Bites arise when the inner outerplanar graph O has a bridge: the bridge
edge is traversed twice by the outer-face walk, so its medial vertex is
adjacent to four annular vertices.

- check_remark58_bite.py: a minimal bite tread (outer 4-cycle + interior
  bridge u-w) restricts to Kempe-balanced on all colourings (outer face).
- check_remark58_bite_rich.py: O = triangle abc + pendant bridge a-d gives
  one bite plus three singleton down teeth in the bite's inner-gap face;
  every restriction is Kempe-balanced (the three gap singletons are a
  rainbow in every global colouring).

Update Remark 5.8's verification note: the bite case, including singletons
in the bite-gap face, is now confirmed.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-06-11 16:46:53 -04:00
parent 5bed8b4dfb
commit cf035243f6
7 changed files with 286 additions and 36 deletions
@@ -841,12 +841,14 @@ meets each level cycle in an even number of $P$-coloured incidences; for
a given valid face these incidences are exactly its incident tooth
apexes coloured $a$ or $b$, whence $\nu_P(F)$ is even.
This argument is verified computationally for bite-free pieces: across
all proper $3$-colourings of the capped triangulated annuli on annular
cycles of length $6,8,10,12$, every restriction to the tire piece is
Kempe-balanced. The case with bites, where the inner level cycle splits
into several child level cycles, is consistent with the same mechanism
but is not yet checked end to end.
This argument is verified computationally. For bite-free pieces---capped
triangulated annuli on annular cycles of length $6,8,10,12$---every proper
$3$-colouring of $M(G)$ restricts to a Kempe-balanced colouring. The same
holds for pieces carrying a bite, including the case where singleton down
teeth lie in the bite's inner-gap face: there the inner level cycle splits
into a child level cycle per gap, and conservation across each child cycle
supplies the parity (in the checked example the three singleton down apexes
of a bite gap are a rainbow in every restriction).
\end{remark}
More generally, let $T$ be a medial tire region with boundary