coloring_nested_tire_graphs: step-2 adjacent-tire compatibility experiment
For pairs (T1, T2) sharing a cycle γ, intersect T1's D-projection
(inner-spoke pattern from outer tire) with T2's U-projection
(outer-spoke pattern from inner tire) on γ. Compatibility = nonempty
intersection.
Result: 23/23 tested pairs are compatible, spanning k ∈ {3,4,5,6},
both SR/SP models, and a range of chord configurations on each side.
Notable: small intersections have clean S_3-orbit structure. Worst
tested case (k=6, antipodal-chord T1 vs unchorded SR T2) has
intersection of size 6 — exactly the 3! rainbow patterns (a,b,c,b,c,a).
This suggests structural rather than accidental overlap, and points to
a theorem worth proving.
Caveats: 23 cases at k≤6 isn't a proof; longer chains (step 3) require
more than pairwise overlap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
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"""Step 2: For pairs of adjacent tires (T1, T2) sharing a cycle γ,
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compute the intersection of T1's D-projection and T2's U-projection
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on γ. Compatibility (chain-pigeonhole step) succeeds iff the
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intersection is non-empty.
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Conventions
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-----------
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* T1 is the OUTER tire: γ = B_in^(1). T1's inner-spoke pattern on γ
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is its D-projection π_D^(1).
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* T2 is the INNER tire: γ = B_out^(2). T2's outer-spoke pattern on γ
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is its U-projection π_U^(2).
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* Each tire's σ-support is closed under cyclic rotation of its dual
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cycle, which induces cyclic rotation on the γ-projection.
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* T1 and T2 may walk around γ in opposite orientations, so we check
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intersection both forward and with one side reversed.
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Two models per tire:
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SR -- Steiner-rich (no chord effect; spoke-only baseline from step 1)
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SP -- Steiner-poor (each O-face is one G-face; chord constraints active)
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"""
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from itertools import product
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from tire_fiber_chords import (
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COLORS,
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fiber_distribution,
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spoke_only_fiber_distribution,
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d_positions_for,
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u_positions_for,
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projection_support,
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)
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def project_T1_D(gamma_len: int, m_1: int, chords_1, model: str) -> set:
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"""T1's D-projection on γ. T1 has B_out of length m_1, B_in = γ
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of length gamma_len."""
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if model == 'SR':
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n = m_1 + gamma_len
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fibers = spoke_only_fiber_distribution(n)
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else:
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fibers, _, _ = fiber_distribution(m_1, gamma_len, chords_1)
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d_pos = d_positions_for(m_1, gamma_len)
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return projection_support(fibers, d_pos)
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def project_T2_U(gamma_len: int, k_2: int, chords_2, model: str) -> set:
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"""T2's U-projection on γ. T2 has B_out = γ of length gamma_len,
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B_in of length k_2."""
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if model == 'SR':
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n = gamma_len + k_2
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fibers = spoke_only_fiber_distribution(n)
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else:
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fibers, _, _ = fiber_distribution(gamma_len, k_2, chords_2)
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u_pos = u_positions_for(gamma_len, k_2)
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return projection_support(fibers, u_pos)
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def intersect_with_reflection(S1: set, S2: set) -> tuple[set, set]:
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"""Return (forward intersection, reflection-flipped intersection)."""
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forward = S1 & S2
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S2_rev = {s[::-1] for s in S2}
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reverse = S1 & S2_rev
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return forward, reverse
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CASES = [
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# (γ, T1=(m_1, chords_1, model1), T2=(k_2, chords_2, model2))
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# γ = 3: no chord constraints possible (C_3 has no chords)
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(3, (3, [], 'SR'), (3, [], 'SR')),
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(3, (3, [], 'SR'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(3, (3, [], 'SP'), (3, [], 'SP')),
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(3, (3, [], 'SP'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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# γ = 4: SP-feasible only with chord (0,2) on T1
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(4, (4, [], 'SR'), (4, [], 'SR')),
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(4, (4, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(4, (4, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (4, [], 'SR')),
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(4, (4, [], 'SR'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(4, (3, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(4, (4, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (5, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(4, (4, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (6, [(0,3)], 'SP')),
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(4, (4, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP')),
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# γ = 5
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(5, (5, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (3, [], 'SR')),
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(5, (5, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (5, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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(5, (5, [(0,2)], 'SP'), (5, [(0,3)], 'SP')),
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(5, (5, [(0,3)], 'SP'), (5, [(0,3)], 'SP')),
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(5, (5, [(0,2)], 'SR'), (5, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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# γ = 6
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(6, (6, [(0,3)], 'SP'), (6, [(0,3)], 'SP')),
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(6, (6, [(0,3)], 'SP'), (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP')),
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(6, (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP'), (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP')),
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(6, (6, [(0,3)], 'SP'), (3, [], 'SR')),
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(6, (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP'), (3, [], 'SR')),
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(6, (6, [(0,2),(3,5)], 'SP'), (4, [(0,2)], 'SP')),
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]
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def fmt_cfg(m_or_k: int, chords, model: str) -> str:
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ch_str = str(chords) if chords else "—"
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return f"({m_or_k}, {ch_str}, {model})"
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def main():
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print(f"{'γ':>2} {'T1 (m_1, chords_1, model)':<32s} {'T2 (k_2, chords_2, model)':<32s} "
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f"{'|S1|':>5s} {'|S2|':>5s} {'3^γ':>5s} {'fwd':>5s} {'rev':>5s} {'compat?':>7s}")
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print("-" * 120)
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nyes = ntotal = 0
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for gamma, t1, t2 in CASES:
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m_1, ch1, model1 = t1
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k_2, ch2, model2 = t2
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S1 = project_T1_D(gamma, m_1, ch1, model1)
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S2 = project_T2_U(gamma, k_2, ch2, model2)
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forward, reverse = intersect_with_reflection(S1, S2)
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compat = "YES" if (forward or reverse) else "NO"
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ntotal += 1
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if compat == "YES":
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nyes += 1
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print(
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f"{gamma:>2} {fmt_cfg(m_1, ch1, model1):<32s} {fmt_cfg(k_2, ch2, model2):<32s} "
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f"{len(S1):>5d} {len(S2):>5d} {3**gamma:>5d} "
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f"{len(forward):>5d} {len(reverse):>5d} {compat:>7s}"
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)
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print("-" * 120)
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print(f"{nyes}/{ntotal} compatible.")
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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γ T1 (m_1, chords_1, model) T2 (k_2, chords_2, model) |S1| |S2| 3^γ fwd rev compat?
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3 (3, —, SR) (3, —, SR) 27 27 27 27 27 YES
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3 (3, —, SR) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 27 24 27 24 24 YES
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3 (3, —, SP) (3, —, SP) 6 6 27 6 6 YES
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3 (3, —, SP) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 6 24 27 6 6 YES
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4 (4, —, SR) (4, —, SR) 81 81 81 81 81 YES
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4 (4, [(0, 2)], SP) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 36 54 81 36 36 YES
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4 (4, [(0, 2)], SP) (4, —, SR) 36 81 81 36 36 YES
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4 (4, —, SR) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 81 54 81 54 54 YES
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4 (3, [(0, 2)], SP) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 36 54 81 36 36 YES
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4 (4, [(0, 2)], SP) (5, [(0, 2)], SP) 36 36 81 12 12 YES
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4 (4, [(0, 2)], SP) (6, [(0, 3)], SP) 36 15 81 6 6 YES
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4 (4, [(0, 2)], SP) (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) 36 81 81 36 36 YES
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5 (5, [(0, 2)], SP) (3, —, SR) 36 171 243 18 18 YES
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5 (5, [(0, 2)], SP) (5, [(0, 2)], SP) 36 90 243 36 36 YES
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5 (5, [(0, 2)], SP) (5, [(0, 3)], SP) 36 90 243 36 36 YES
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5 (5, [(0, 3)], SP) (5, [(0, 3)], SP) 36 90 243 36 36 YES
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5 (5, [(0, 2)], SR) (5, [(0, 2)], SP) 243 90 243 90 90 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 3)], SP) (6, [(0, 3)], SP) 36 90 729 36 36 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 3)], SP) (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) 36 456 729 36 36 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) 216 456 729 216 162 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 3)], SP) (3, —, SR) 36 396 729 6 6 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) (3, —, SR) 216 396 729 108 108 YES
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6 (6, [(0, 2), (3, 5)], SP) (4, [(0, 2)], SP) 216 342 729 108 90 YES
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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23/23 compatible.
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\relax
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\newlabel{obs:always-compatible}{{}{2}}
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\newlabel{obs:containment}{{}{2}}
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\newlabel{obs:rainbow}{{}{2}}
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\newlabel{obs:reflection}{{}{3}}
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\title{Step 2: adjacent-tire compatibility on the shared cycle}
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\author{}
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\date{}
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\section*{What this is}
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Step~2 of the action items: for pairs of adjacent tires
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$(T_1, T_2)$ sharing a cycle $\gamma$, we ask whether $T_1$'s
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inner-spoke pattern on $\gamma$ and $T_2$'s outer-spoke pattern on
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$\gamma$ are realisable simultaneously --- i.e.\ whether
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$\pi_D^{(1)}(\mathcal{C}^{(1)}) \cap \pi_U^{(2)}(\mathcal{C}^{(2)})
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\neq \emptyset$. This is the chain-pigeonhole compatibility step.
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\section*{Setup}
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(the step-1 baseline).
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\end{itemize}
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\section*{Main data}
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\begin{center}
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\scriptsize
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\begin{tabular}{c | l l | r r r r r c}
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\toprule
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$k$
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& $T_1 = (m_1, \text{chords}_1, \text{model}_1)$
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& $T_2 = (k_2, \text{chords}_2, \text{model}_2)$
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& $|S_1|$ & $|S_2|$ & $3^k$ & fwd & rev & compat?\\
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\midrule
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3 & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & 27 & 27 & 27 & 27 & 27 & yes \\
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3 & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 27 & 24 & 27 & 24 & 24 & yes \\
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3 & $(3, -, \text{SP})$ & $(3, -, \text{SP})$ & 6 & 6 & 27 & 6 & 6 & yes \\
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3 & $(3, -, \text{SP})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 6 & 24 & 27 & 6 & 6 & yes \\
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|
\midrule
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|
4 & $(4, -, \text{SR})$ & $(4, -, \text{SR})$ & 81 & 81 & 81 & 81 & 81 & yes \\
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|
4 & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 54 & 81 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
4 & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(4, -, \text{SR})$ & 36 & 81 & 81 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
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|
4 & $(4, -, \text{SR})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 81 & 54 & 81 & 54 & 54 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
4 & $(3, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 54 & 81 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
4 & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 36 & 81 & 12 & 12 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
4 & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 15 & 81 & 6 & 6 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
4 & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 81 & 81 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
\midrule
|
||||||
|
5 & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & 36 & 171 & 243 & 18 & 18 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
5 & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 90 & 243 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
5 & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & $(5, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 90 & 243 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
5 & $(5, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & $(5, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 90 & 243 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
5 & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SR})$ & $(5, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 243 & 90 & 243 & 90 & 90 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
\midrule
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & $(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 90 & 729 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & 36 & 456 & 729 & 36 & 36 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & 216 & 456 & 729 & 216 & 162 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & 36 & 396 & 729 & 6 & 6 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & $(3, -, \text{SR})$ & 216 & 396 & 729 & 108 & 108 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
6 & $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ & $(4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ & 216 & 342 & 729 & 108 & 90 & yes \\
|
||||||
|
\bottomrule
|
||||||
|
\end{tabular}
|
||||||
|
\end{center}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\noindent
|
||||||
|
\textbf{Result: 23 / 23 tested pairs are compatible.}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section*{Observations}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{obs}[Always compatible]
|
||||||
|
\label{obs:always-compatible}
|
||||||
|
Across all $23$ tested $(T_1, T_2)$ pairs --- spanning $k \in \{3, 4,
|
||||||
|
5, 6\}$, both SR and SP models, and a representative spread of chord
|
||||||
|
configurations on each side --- the intersection $S_1 \cap S_2$ is
|
||||||
|
non-empty. No counterexample was found.
|
||||||
|
\end{obs}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{obs}[Containment is the typical outcome]
|
||||||
|
\label{obs:containment}
|
||||||
|
In several cases the smaller support is contained in the larger:
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item $k = 4$, $T_1 = (4, (0{,}2), \text{SP})$ vs.\ $T_2 = (4,
|
||||||
|
(0{,}2), \text{SP})$: $|S_1| = 36 \subseteq |S_2| = 54$,
|
||||||
|
$|S_1 \cap S_2| = 36$.
|
||||||
|
\item $k = 6$, $T_1 = (6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$ vs.\
|
||||||
|
$T_2 = (6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5), \text{SP})$: $|S_1| = 216 \subseteq
|
||||||
|
|S_2| = 456$, $|S_1 \cap S_2| = 216$.
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
This containment is not universal --- in
|
||||||
|
$k=6$, $T_1 = (6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ vs.\ $T_2 = (3, -, \text{SR})$
|
||||||
|
we have $|S_1| = 36$, $|S_2| = 396$, but $|S_1 \cap S_2| = 6$, so
|
||||||
|
$S_1 \not\subseteq S_2$. Still non-empty.
|
||||||
|
\end{obs}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{obs}[Small intersections are rainbow-structured]
|
||||||
|
\label{obs:rainbow}
|
||||||
|
In the worst tested case --- $k=6$, $T_1=(6, (0{,}3), \text{SP})$ vs.\
|
||||||
|
$T_2=(3, -, \text{SR})$, $|S_1 \cap S_2| = 6$ --- the six elements
|
||||||
|
are precisely
|
||||||
|
\[
|
||||||
|
\{\,(a, b, c, b, c, a) : \{a,b,c\} = \{1,2,3\}\,\},
|
||||||
|
\]
|
||||||
|
the $3!$ ``rainbow''-style colorings. All three colors appear, the
|
||||||
|
antipodal positions are aligned with the antipodal chord
|
||||||
|
$(v_0, v_3)$, and the pattern factors through the $S_3$ orbit. The
|
||||||
|
fact that this very small intersection still contains an entire
|
||||||
|
$S_3$-orbit is suggestive of structural rather than accidental overlap.
|
||||||
|
\end{obs}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{obs}[Reflection sensitivity]
|
||||||
|
\label{obs:reflection}
|
||||||
|
Most pairs give the same intersection size in forward and reverse
|
||||||
|
orientations, indicating the supports are reflection-closed in
|
||||||
|
practice. One exception is $k=6$, both tires $(6, (0{,}2)(3{,}5),
|
||||||
|
\text{SP})$: forward intersection $216$, reverse intersection $162$.
|
||||||
|
This difference reflects that the two-chord configuration breaks
|
||||||
|
reflection symmetry (the chords $(0{,}2)$ and $(3{,}5)$ are not a
|
||||||
|
reflection of themselves under the natural axis). Either way, both
|
||||||
|
orientations give non-empty intersection.
|
||||||
|
\end{obs}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section*{Putting steps 1 and 2 together}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{itemize}
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Step 1 (single tire under SR).} When $m \geq k$, the
|
||||||
|
inner-spoke projection saturates $\{1,2,3\}^k$, so chain
|
||||||
|
compatibility is trivially nonempty whenever at least one of
|
||||||
|
the two adjacent tires is SR with the long side facing the
|
||||||
|
shared cycle.
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Step 1 with chords under SP.} Chord configurations
|
||||||
|
drastically reduce single-tire support, sometimes to as little
|
||||||
|
as $36/729 \approx 5\%$ of the universe. This raised the
|
||||||
|
worry that two adjacent SP tires might project to disjoint
|
||||||
|
subsets.
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Step 2.} Across all tested SP-SP and mixed pairs (with
|
||||||
|
$k$ up to $6$ and chord configurations up to two chords per
|
||||||
|
tire), the intersection is always non-empty. Even in the
|
||||||
|
worst tested case ($|S_1 \cap S_2| = 6$), the intersection has
|
||||||
|
clean $S_3$-orbit structure.
|
||||||
|
\end{itemize}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\noindent
|
||||||
|
\textbf{Combined empirical conclusion:} for adjacent tires in the
|
||||||
|
configurations we tested, the chain-pigeonhole step succeeds, even
|
||||||
|
under the Steiner-poor model where chord constraints actively
|
||||||
|
restrict the realisable supports. The supports do not become so
|
||||||
|
small that they fail to intersect.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section*{Caveats}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Tested cases are not a proof.} $23$ pairs at
|
||||||
|
$k \leq 6$ with chord matchings of size $\leq 2$ per tire is a
|
||||||
|
small slice of the space. A counterexample (incompatible
|
||||||
|
pair) would require either larger $k$, more chords, or some
|
||||||
|
non-obvious adversarial choice. In particular, $k = 7, 8$
|
||||||
|
with multi-chord configurations under SP have not been
|
||||||
|
enumerated here.
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Modelling assumption.} Both step~1 and step~2 work
|
||||||
|
in the spoke-only / face-connector model where each tire's
|
||||||
|
$T'_{f'}$ has one inner-spoke vertex per $O$-face. A
|
||||||
|
surrounding $G$ with more elaborate sub-triangulation
|
||||||
|
(intermediate between SR and SP) would give different
|
||||||
|
constraints and is not tested.
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Multi-tire chains.} Step~2 is pairwise
|
||||||
|
compatibility. In a long chain
|
||||||
|
$T_1 \mid T_2 \mid \dots \mid T_n$ a globally consistent
|
||||||
|
coloring requires not just pairwise overlap but a coherent
|
||||||
|
choice across all shared cycles. In the SR setting where
|
||||||
|
supports saturate, this is automatic; in the SP setting with
|
||||||
|
chord constraints propagating, it is not. This is the
|
||||||
|
natural step~3.
|
||||||
|
\item \textbf{Pattern explanation.} The clean structure of the
|
||||||
|
``rainbow'' intersection in
|
||||||
|
Observation~\ref{obs:rainbow} suggests there is a deeper
|
||||||
|
structural reason every projection support contains certain
|
||||||
|
canonical orbits. Identifying this would convert the
|
||||||
|
empirical observation into a theorem and is the natural
|
||||||
|
analytic follow-up.
|
||||||
|
\end{enumerate}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\end{document}
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user