diff --git a/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.pdf b/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.pdf index 59cb763..4eb065b 100644 Binary files a/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.pdf and b/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.pdf differ diff --git a/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.tex b/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.tex index d0c52b0..881732c 100644 --- a/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.tex +++ b/papers/face_monochromatic_pairs/paper.tex @@ -1286,6 +1286,53 @@ face of $G'$ not equal to $F_v$ or to any of $F_i, \ldots, F_{i+4}$) satisfies $\partial f \subseteq V(K_b) \cup V(K_c)$. \end{conjecture} +\begin{lemma}[Partial proof of +Conjecture~\ref{conj:gprime-pentagon-fallback} for small uncovered +set] +\label{lem:gprime-pigeonhole} +If $|V(\widehat{G}'_{v,i}) \setminus (V(K_b) \cup V(K_c))| \le 1$, +then Conjecture~\ref{conj:gprime-pentagon-fallback} holds. +\end{lemma} + +\begin{proof} +The reduced dual contains at least $12 - 1 - 5 = 6$ $G'$-pentagons +(from the classical lower bound of $12$ pentagons on any cubic plane +graph with all faces of length $\ge 5$, minus $F_v$ and the five +faces $F_i, \ldots, F_{i+4}$ that the reduction subdivides). In a +cubic plane graph each vertex lies on exactly $3$ faces, so a single +uncovered vertex hits at most $3$ $G'$-pentagons. With at most one +uncovered vertex, at least $6 - 3 = 3$ $G'$-pentagons have their +entire boundary in $V(K_b) \cup V(K_c)$. +\end{proof} + +\begin{remark}[The pigeonhole stops at $|S| = 1$; +\textbf{the proof begins to resemble discharging}] +\label{rem:gprime-pigeonhole-stop} +Lemma~\ref{lem:gprime-pigeonhole} adds significant structural +coverage. By Conjecture~\ref{conj:gprime-pentagon-fallback}'s +empirical check (\texttt{experiments/check\_kb\_kc\_coverage.py}), +$73.87\%$ of chord-apex+Kempe colourings have $|S| = 0$ and a further +$\approx 17\%$ have $|S| = 1$, so +Theorem~\ref{thm:deciding-face-partial-extended} + +Lemma~\ref{lem:gprime-pigeonhole} cover roughly $91\%$ of +configurations structurally. The remaining $\approx 9\%$ have +$|S| \ge 2$, where the trivial pigeonhole no longer forces an +uncovered $G'$-pentagon to exist (two uncovered vertices can in +principle hit up to $6$ pentagons). Sharpening +Lemma~\ref{lem:gprime-pigeonhole} for $|S| \ge 2$ would require finer +graph-structural input --- specifically, a Kempe-cycle structural +result about \emph{which} pentagons the uncovered vertices of +chord-apex+Kempe colourings can occupy. This is exactly the discharging +flavour of the traditional reducible-configurations approach to the +Four Colour Theorem (Appel--Haken~\cite{AH77a, AHK77}, +Robertson--Sanders--Seymour--Thomas~\cite{RSST97}, +Gonthier~\cite{Gonthier08}), and we expect the structural case +analysis to fragment further as $|S|$ increases. We therefore stop +the case-by-case route here: the residual $\approx 9\%$ structural +gap is open, and closing it case-by-case is conceivable but no longer +fundamentally distinct from the classical approach. +\end{remark} + If Conjecture~\ref{conj:gprime-pentagon-fallback} is true, then together with Theorem~\ref{thm:deciding-face-partial-extended} it gives a structural proof of the deciding-face conjecture for every