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Codex flagged that parallel `start`s race on shared state: two cold launches could both stop/build/boot the singleton on the same rootfs/PID, concurrent builds share the infra VM's buildah store, the cleanup did `buildah rm -a` (nuking a peer build's container), and the rootfs cache was populated non-atomically. - `infra_vm.ensure_running`: a host flock (`singleton.lock`) around the cold stop/build/boot path, with a double-checked health re-test under the lock so a second launcher adopts rather than re-boots. The healthy fast-path stays lock-free. - `image_builder.build_agent_rootfs_dir`: a host flock (`.build.lock`) around cache-lookup + build + publish; build into `.building-<digest>` and publish by atomic `os.rename`, so a partial build never appears as `agent-<digest>`. - scoped cleanup: per-build named working containers (`<tag>-smoke`/`-export`) removed by name instead of `buildah rm -a`; also cleared before the build to recover from a crashed prior run. Verified: agent image builds via the locked/atomic path, infra VM stays healthy, agent boots, `claude --version` = 2.1.172. Full unit suite + pyright green. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01WBMWTEtQdJ4W5UrWuLHCck