bot-bottle/bot_bottle/backend/firecracker/image_builder.py

"""Docker-free agent-image builds for the Firecracker backend (PRD 0069 Stage 3).

Agent Dockerfiles build **inside the persistent per-host infra VM**
(`infra_vm.py`), which carries buildah (rootless, daemonless): no host Docker
daemon, no root-equivalent `docker` group. The build runs over SSH against the
infra VM and its rootfs streams back to the host, where the existing
`mke2fs -d` path (`util.build_rootfs_ext4`) turns it into a bootable ext4.

Building in the infra VM — rather than a throwaway builder VM — means there is
one buildah image (`bot-bottle-infra`) and no contention for the orchestrator
TAP. Tradeoff: an untrusted Dockerfile's `RUN` steps share the VM with the
control plane + gateway (buildah `--isolation chroot` isn't a hard boundary) —
the accepted single-VM blast-radius tradeoff, re-splittable into a disposable
builder (booted from this same image on its own TAP) later.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import fcntl
import hashlib
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Generator

from ...log import die, info
from . import infra_vm, util

# vfs + chroot: buildah works as root in the microVM (no fuse-overlayfs /
# overlay module / subuid maps). `--isolation` is a build/run-only flag;
# `from`/`mount` take just the store.
_BUILD_FLAGS = "--isolation chroot --storage-driver vfs"
_STORE_FLAG = "--storage-driver vfs"

_BUILD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 900.0


def _dockerfile_hash(dockerfile: Path) -> str:
    """The Dockerfile's content hash. The shipped agent Dockerfiles COPY
    nothing from the build context (see .dockerignore), so their content fully
    determines the built image; a Dockerfile that adds COPY will want the
    context folded in here too."""
    return hashlib.sha256(dockerfile.read_bytes()).hexdigest()[:16]


def _rootfs_digest(dockerfile: Path) -> str:
    """Cache key for the built AND boot-injected agent rootfs. Two inputs
    determine the on-disk rootfs: the Dockerfile (the image) and the guest init
    injected into it (`util._GUEST_INIT`). Folding the init in means a fix to
    it — e.g. making /tmp world-writable — busts the cache instead of silently
    reusing a stale rootfs built with the old init."""
    h = hashlib.sha256()
    h.update(_dockerfile_hash(dockerfile).encode())
    h.update(b"\0")
    h.update(util._GUEST_INIT.encode())
    return h.hexdigest()[:16]


def build_agent_rootfs_dir(
    dockerfile: Path, *, image_tag: str, smoke_test: tuple[str, ...] = (),
) -> Path:
    """Build `dockerfile` in the infra VM (buildah, no host docker), export its
    rootfs, inject the guest boot bits, and return the cached base dir — the
    same shape `util.build_rootfs_ext4` consumes. Cached by Dockerfile content
    + injected guest init, so a repeat launch skips the rebuild but an init or
    Dockerfile change rebuilds.

    `smoke_test` (the provider's declared argv, e.g. `("claude","--version")`)
    is run in the freshly built image before export, catching an npm
    silent-failure image at build time rather than at first agent use."""
    digest = _rootfs_digest(dockerfile)
    base = util.cache_dir() / "rootfs" / f"agent-{digest}"
    if (base / ".bb-ready").is_file():
        info(f"using cached agent rootfs {base.name}")
        return base

    # Serialize builds: the infra VM's buildah store + this cache dir are
    # shared, so concurrent `start`s must not build into them at once. The
    # lock covers the cache lookup + build + atomic publish; the ready
    # fast-path above takes no lock.
    with _build_lock():
        if (base / ".bb-ready").is_file():  # another build finished while we waited
            info(f"using cached agent rootfs {base.name}")
            return base
        # Build into a temp dir and publish by atomic rename, so a partial
        # build is never visible as `agent-<digest>`.
        staging = util.cache_dir() / "rootfs" / f".building-{digest}"
        shutil.rmtree(staging, ignore_errors=True)
        staging.mkdir(parents=True)
        info(f"building agent image {image_tag!r} in the infra VM")
        _build_in_infra(dockerfile, staging, smoke_test, digest)
        util.inject_guest_boot(staging)
        (staging / ".bb-ready").write_text("ok\n")
        shutil.rmtree(base, ignore_errors=True)
        os.rename(staging, base)
    return base


@contextmanager
def _build_lock() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    """Host-level exclusive lock serializing agent-image builds (shared infra
    buildah store + cache dir). flock auto-releases on a crash."""
    lock_path = util.cache_dir() / "rootfs" / ".build.lock"
    lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    handle = open(lock_path, "w", encoding="utf-8")
    try:
        fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
        yield
    finally:
        handle.close()


def _build_in_infra(
    dockerfile: Path, base: Path, smoke_test: tuple[str, ...], digest: str,
) -> None:
    """Ensure the infra VM is up, `buildah build` the Dockerfile in it, smoke
    test the image, and stream its rootfs into `base`. The infra VM persists;
    only the per-build container/image/context are cleaned up."""
    infra = infra_vm.ensure_running()
    key, ip = infra.private_key, infra.guest_ip
    tag = f"bot-bottle-agent-build-{digest}"
    ctx = f"/tmp/agent-build-{digest}"
    smoke_ctr, export_ctr = f"{tag}-smoke", f"{tag}-export"

    def _cleanup() -> None:
        # Remove only THIS build's working containers/image/context — never
        # `buildah rm -a`, which would nuke a concurrent build's container.
        _ssh(key, ip,
             f"buildah rm {smoke_ctr} {export_ctr} >/dev/null 2>&1; "
             f"buildah rmi {_STORE_FLAG} {tag} >/dev/null 2>&1; rm -rf {ctx}",
             timeout=60)

    _cleanup()  # clear leftovers from a crashed prior build of this digest
    try:
        prep = _ssh(key, ip, f"mkdir -p {ctx}/ctx")
        if prep.returncode != 0:
            die(f"preparing build dir in the infra VM failed: {prep.stderr.strip()}")
        _send_dockerfile(key, ip, dockerfile, ctx)
        _buildah_build(key, ip, ctx, tag)
        _smoke_test(key, ip, tag, smoke_ctr, smoke_test)
        _stream_rootfs(key, ip, tag, export_ctr, base)
    finally:
        _cleanup()


def _ssh(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, script: str,
         *, timeout: float = 60.0) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
    return subprocess.run(
        util.ssh_base_argv(private_key, guest_ip) + [script],
        capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout, check=False,
    )


def _ssh_streamed(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, script: str,
                  *, timeout: float) -> int:
    """Run an SSH command letting the remote's stdout/stderr flow straight to
    ours (no capture), for long chatty steps where live progress beats a
    silent wait. Returns the exit code."""
    proc = subprocess.run(
        util.ssh_base_argv(private_key, guest_ip) + [script],
        timeout=timeout, check=False,
    )
    return proc.returncode


def _send_dockerfile(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, dockerfile: Path, ctx: str) -> None:
    proc = subprocess.run(
        util.ssh_base_argv(private_key, guest_ip) + [f"cat > {ctx}/Dockerfile"],
        input=dockerfile.read_bytes(), capture_output=True, timeout=30, check=False,
    )
    if proc.returncode != 0:
        die(f"sending Dockerfile to the infra VM failed: "
            f"{proc.stderr.decode(errors='replace').strip()}")


def _buildah_build(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, ctx: str, tag: str) -> None:
    # Stream buildah's step-by-step output straight to our stderr (like the
    # docker backend's `docker build`), so a long first build (base pull +
    # apt/npm installs) shows live progress instead of a silent wait. The
    # remote stderr is where buildah writes its `STEP i/n` lines.
    info(f"buildah build {tag} in the infra VM (streaming output)")
    rc = _ssh_streamed(
        private_key, guest_ip,
        f"buildah build {_BUILD_FLAGS} -t {tag} -f {ctx}/Dockerfile {ctx}/ctx",
        timeout=_BUILD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
    )
    if rc != 0:
        die(f"buildah build in the infra VM failed (exit {rc}); "
            "see the build output above.")


def _smoke_test(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, tag: str, ctr: str,
                argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
    """Run the provider's smoke argv inside the freshly built image
    (`buildah run`, which uses the image's own PATH), failing the build
    loudly if the CLI is a broken stub. No-op without a declared test. Uses a
    named working container (`ctr`) so cleanup is scoped to this build."""
    if not argv:
        return
    cmd = (
        f"set -e; buildah from {_STORE_FLAG} --name {ctr} {tag} >/dev/null; "
        f"buildah run {_BUILD_FLAGS} {ctr} -- {' '.join(argv)}; rc=$?; "
        f"buildah rm {ctr} >/dev/null 2>&1 || true; exit $rc"
    )
    result = _ssh(private_key, guest_ip, cmd, timeout=120)
    if result.returncode != 0:
        detail = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip().splitlines()[-10:]
        die(f"agent image failed its post-build smoke test "
            f"({' '.join(argv)}):\n" + "\n".join(detail))


def _stream_rootfs(private_key: Path, guest_ip: str, tag: str, ctr: str, base: Path) -> None:
    """`buildah mount` the built image in the infra VM and pipe its rootfs tar
    straight into `base` on the host (extracted as the non-root host user, so
    uid 0 isn't preserved — the guest init restores /root ownership). Uses a
    named working container so cleanup is scoped to this build."""
    export = (
        f"set -e; buildah from {_STORE_FLAG} --name {ctr} {tag} >/dev/null; "
        f"mnt=$(buildah mount {_STORE_FLAG} {ctr}); "
        f"tar -C \"$mnt\" -cf - ."
    )
    ssh_proc = subprocess.Popen(
        util.ssh_base_argv(private_key, guest_ip) + [export],
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
    )
    assert ssh_proc.stdout is not None
    untar = subprocess.run(
        ["tar", "-x", "-C", str(base)], stdin=ssh_proc.stdout, check=False,
    )
    ssh_proc.stdout.close()
    ssh_err = (ssh_proc.stderr.read().decode(errors="replace")
               if ssh_proc.stderr else "")
    rc = ssh_proc.wait()
    if rc != 0 or untar.returncode != 0:
        die(f"exporting the built rootfs from the infra VM failed: "
            f"{ssh_err.strip() or '<no stderr>'}")