fix(docker): use run_docker in docker_exec, docker_cp, verify_agent_image

The rebase onto lazy-backend-imports converts existing helpers (image_exists,
container_exists, etc.) to run_docker; the three new functions added in this
branch still called subprocess.run directly. Switch them over for consistency.

bot_bottle/agent_provider.py

@@ -61,6 +61,13 @@ class AgentProviderRuntime:
     prompt_mode: PromptMode
     bypass_args: tuple[str, ...]
     resume_args: tuple[str, ...]
+    # argv run inside a throwaway container of a freshly built agent
+    # image, right after `build_image()`, to catch a build that
+    # exited 0 but produced a broken CLI (e.g. an npm
+    # optionalDependencies fetch for a platform-native binary that
+    # silently no-ops on a transient failure). Empty tuple skips the
+    # check — not every provider has opted in yet.
+    smoke_test: tuple[str, ...] = ()
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)

bot_bottle/backend/docker/launch.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable, Generator
 
+from ...agent_provider import runtime_for
 from ...egress import egress_resolve_token_values
 from ...git_gate import (
     provision_git_gate_dynamic_keys,
@@ -110,6 +111,9 @@ def launch(
                 plan.image, _REPO_DIR,
                 dockerfile=plan.dockerfile_path,
             )
+            docker_mod.verify_agent_image(
+                plan.image, runtime_for(plan.agent_provider_template).smoke_test,
+            )
 
         # Step 2: mint the git-gate dynamic (gitea) deploy keys, if any, before
         # provisioning the bottle's repos into the shared gateway.

bot_bottle/backend/docker/util.py

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ existence, and building images."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
 import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 from typing import Iterable, Iterator
 
+from ...docker_cmd import run_docker
 from ...log import die, info
 # from ...workspace import WorkspacePlan
 
@@ -88,6 +90,29 @@ def docker_exec_root(container: str, argv: list[str]) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def docker_exec(container: str, argv: list[str], *, user: str = "") -> None:
+    """Run `docker exec` in the named container, dying with the
+    command's own stderr on failure. Pass `user=\"0\"` to run as root."""
+    cmd = ["docker", "exec"]
+    if user:
+        cmd += ["-u", user]
+    cmd += [container, *argv]
+    result = run_docker(cmd)
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"docker exec in {container} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+
+
+def docker_cp(src: str, dest: str) -> None:
+    """Run `docker cp`, dying with the command's own stderr on failure."""
+    result = run_docker(["docker", "cp", src, dest])
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(f"docker cp {src} -> {dest} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}")
+
+
 _SLUG_RE = re.compile(r"[^a-z0-9]+")
 
 
@@ -108,15 +133,40 @@ def build_image(ref: str, context: str, *, dockerfile: str = "") -> None:
 
     `dockerfile` is an optional path (relative to `context`, or
     absolute) for callers that need to build from a non-default
-    Dockerfile in the same context — e.g. `Dockerfile.git-gate`."""
+    Dockerfile in the same context — e.g. `Dockerfile.git-gate`.
+
+    Set `BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE=1` (the `start --no-cache` flag) to force
+    `--no-cache`. The npm/curl installers some provider Dockerfiles
+    shell out to can silently no-op on a transient network failure —
+    e.g. an `optionalDependencies` fetch for a platform-native binary —
+    and Docker will then cache that broken layer indefinitely."""
     info(f"building image {ref} from {context} (layer cache keeps repeat builds fast)")
     args = ["docker", "build", "-t", ref]
+    if os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE") == "1":
+        args.append("--no-cache")
     if dockerfile:
         args.extend(["-f", dockerfile])
     args.append(context)
     subprocess.run(args, check=True)
 
 
+def verify_agent_image(image: str, argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+    """Run `argv` inside a throwaway container of a freshly built agent
+    image and die loudly if it fails, instead of shipping an image
+    whose CLI only breaks at first real use. No-op when the provider
+    hasn't declared a smoke test (`AgentProviderRuntime.smoke_test`)."""
+    if not argv:
+        return
+    result = run_docker(["docker", "run", "--rm", "--entrypoint", argv[0], image, *argv[1:]])
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        detail = (result.stderr or result.stdout or "").strip()
+        die(
+            f"agent image {image!r} failed its post-build smoke test "
+            f"({' '.join(argv)}): {detail}\n"
+            f"Try rebuilding from scratch: bot-bottle start --no-cache"
+        )
+
+
 # def build_image_with_cwd(
 #     derived: str,
 #     base: str,

bot_bottle/backend/firecracker/consolidated_launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Consolidated bottle launch sequence for the Firecracker backend (PRD 0070).
+
+Mirrors bot_bottle.backend.docker.consolidated_launch but wired for
+Firecracker's TAP-based network topology instead of a shared Docker bridge.
+
+The per-bottle sidecar bundle (one `docker run` per bottle, published on the
+slot's host-side TAP IP) is replaced by a single persistent gateway that
+every Firecracker VM shares. The gateway runs as a Docker container in the
+dev-harness (a Firecracker VM is stage B per PRD 0070), with its ports
+published on the host (`0.0.0.0:PORT`). VMs reach it at their slot's
+host-side TAP IP because Docker's iptables PREROUTING DNAT redirects
+port 9099/9100/9420 traffic to the gateway container — a path the nft
+isolation table already allows via `ct status dnat accept` in the forward
+chain.
+
+Attribution is by the VM's guest IP, which is unspoofable by construction:
+the /31 point-to-point TAP topology + the `bot_bottle_fc` nft table ensure
+that only the expected VM can source-IP that address.
+
+Sequence:
+  1. ensure the Firecracker-flavoured orchestrator + gateway are up;
+  2. register the bottle by its guest IP (attribution key) → bottle id +
+     identity token;
+  3. provision its git-gate repos/creds into the running gateway;
+  4. fetch the shared gateway CA for the provisioner to install in the rootfs.
+
+The TAP slot allocation, rootfs build, and VM boot are the caller's job.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from ...egress import EgressPlan
+from ...git_gate import GitGatePlan
+from ...orchestrator.client import OrchestratorClient
+from ...orchestrator.gateway import (
+    GATEWAY_NETWORK,
+    DockerGateway,
+)
+from ...orchestrator.lifecycle import (
+    OrchestratorService,
+    OrchestratorStartError,  # re-exported so callers can catch it
+)
+from ...orchestrator.registration import registration_inputs
+from ..docker.egress import EGRESS_PORT
+from ..docker.gateway_provision import deprovision_git_gate, provision_git_gate
+from ...supervise import SUPERVISE_PORT
+
+_GIT_HTTP_PORT = 9420
+
+# Separate names from the Docker gateway so both backends can coexist on one
+# host (and for clarity in `docker ps` output).
+_FC_GATEWAY_NAME = "bot-bottle-fc-gateway"
+_FC_ORCHESTRATOR_NAME = "bot-bottle-fc-orchestrator"
+_FC_ORCHESTRATOR_LABEL = "bot-bottle-fc-orchestrator=1"
+# Ports the gateway publishes on the host so Firecracker VMs can reach it
+# via their TAP link. Docker's PREROUTING DNAT + nft's `ct status dnat
+# accept` in the forward chain route the traffic.
+_FC_GATEWAY_HOST_PORTS = (EGRESS_PORT, SUPERVISE_PORT, _GIT_HTTP_PORT)
+
+
+class ConsolidatedLaunchError(RuntimeError):
+    """The consolidated register/provision sequence could not complete."""
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LaunchContext:
+    """What the Firecracker launch needs from the consolidated sequence."""
+
+    bottle_id: str
+    identity_token: str
+    source_ip: str          # the VM's guest IP — the attribution key
+    gateway_ca_pem: str     # the shared gateway CA the provisioner installs
+    orchestrator_url: str
+
+
+class _FirecrackerOrchestratorService(OrchestratorService):
+    """Dev-harness orchestrator for the Firecracker backend.
+
+    Uses a gateway that publishes its ports on the host so Firecracker VMs can
+    reach it via their TAP link. The gateway and orchestrator containers use
+    `*-fc-*` names so both backends can run independently on the same host.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            orchestrator_name=_FC_ORCHESTRATOR_NAME,
+            orchestrator_label=_FC_ORCHESTRATOR_LABEL,
+            **kwargs,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    def _gateway(self) -> DockerGateway:
+        # The heavy data-plane image (#384 split it from the lean control-plane
+        # `image` this service's orchestrator container runs).
+        return DockerGateway(
+            self._gateway_image,
+            name=_FC_GATEWAY_NAME,
+            network=self.network,
+            orchestrator_url=self.internal_url,
+            host_port_bindings=_FC_GATEWAY_HOST_PORTS,
+        )
+
+
+def launch_consolidated(
+    egress_plan: EgressPlan,
+    git_gate_plan: GitGatePlan,
+    *,
+    guest_ip: str,
+    image_ref: str = "",
+    tokens: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    service: OrchestratorService | None = None,
+    gateway_name: str = _FC_GATEWAY_NAME,
+) -> LaunchContext:
+    """Ensure the orchestrator + Firecracker gateway are up, register the
+    bottle by its guest IP, and provision its git-gate state. Returns the
+    context the VM launch needs. Raises `ConsolidatedLaunchError` (or the
+    primitives' own errors) on failure — the caller tears down on failure."""
+    service = service or _FirecrackerOrchestratorService()
+    url = service.ensure_running()
+    client = OrchestratorClient(url)
+
+    inputs = registration_inputs(egress_plan)
+    reg = client.register_bottle(
+        guest_ip, image_ref=image_ref, policy=inputs.policy,
+        metadata=inputs.metadata, tokens=tokens,
+    )
+    try:
+        provision_git_gate(gateway_name, reg.bottle_id, git_gate_plan)
+    except Exception:
+        client.teardown_bottle(reg.bottle_id)
+        raise
+
+    # Fetch the shared gateway CA here so the caller can install it in the
+    # rootfs (the same CA every agent on this host trusts for TLS interception).
+    gateway_ca_pem = DockerGateway(
+        name=gateway_name, network=GATEWAY_NETWORK,
+    ).ca_cert_pem()
+
+    return LaunchContext(
+        bottle_id=reg.bottle_id,
+        identity_token=reg.identity_token,
+        source_ip=guest_ip,
+        gateway_ca_pem=gateway_ca_pem,
+        orchestrator_url=url,
+    )
+
+
+def teardown_consolidated(
+    bottle_id: str, *, orchestrator_url: str, gateway_name: str = _FC_GATEWAY_NAME,
+) -> None:
+    """Deregister the bottle and remove its git-gate state from the gateway.
+    Both steps are idempotent so this is safe from a cleanup trap."""
+    OrchestratorClient(orchestrator_url).teardown_bottle(bottle_id)
+    deprovision_git_gate(gateway_name, bottle_id)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "LaunchContext",
+    "launch_consolidated",
+    "teardown_consolidated",
+    "ConsolidatedLaunchError",
+    "OrchestratorStartError",
+]

bot_bottle/backend/firecracker/launch.py

@@ -1,25 +1,64 @@
-"""Launch flow for the Firecracker backend — temporarily disabled (#385).
+"""Launch flow for the Firecracker backend (PRD 0070, consolidated).
 
-The firecracker backend launched a per-bottle companion container (the
+Per bottle:
-egress / git-gate / supervise data plane) alongside each microVM. That
+  1. build the agent image (docker), export it to a cached ext4 rootfs;
-per-bottle-companion architecture was removed in the companion-container removal;
+  2. ensure the per-host orchestrator + shared gateway are up;
-firecracker's replacement — the consolidated per-host gateway — lands in
+  3. claim a free TAP pool slot (rootless flock);
-its own cutover (#354).
+  4. register the bottle on the orchestrator by the VM's guest IP (the
+     attribution key) and provision its git-gate state into the gateway;
+  5. boot the microVM on that TAP; wait for SSH;
+  6. provision (shared gateway CA, prompt, skills, workspace, git, supervise)
+     over SSH.
 
-Until that lands, launching a firecracker bottle fails closed rather than
+The per-bottle Docker sidecar bundle is gone. The shared gateway handles
-silently running the removed path. `prepare` / `status` / cleanup still
+egress / git-gate / supervise for every VM; Docker's PREROUTING DNAT routes
-work, so `backend status --backend=firecracker` and orphan cleanup are
+the VMs' traffic to it, and the nft table's `ct status dnat accept` rule
-unaffected.
+in the forward chain lets it pass. The VM still sends to `host_tap_ip:PORT`
+— the address its world is, by nft design, limited to.
+
+Isolation is enforced by the operator-provisioned nft table (checked
+fail-closed in preflight): a VM reaches only the sidecar (DNAT'd from
+the host TAP IP) and nothing else.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+import dataclasses
+import os
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable, Generator
 
-from ...log import die
+from ...agent_provider import runtime_for
+from ...bottle_state import (
+    egress_state_dir,
+    git_gate_state_dir,
+    read_committed_image,
+)
+from ...egress import (
+    egress_agent_env_entries,
+    egress_resolve_token_values,
+)
+from ...git_gate import (
+    provision_git_gate_dynamic_keys,
+    revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys,
+)
+from ...log import info, warn
+from ...supervise import SUPERVISE_PORT
+from ..docker import util as docker_mod
+from ..docker.egress import EGRESS_PORT
+from ..util import AGENT_CA_BUNDLE, AGENT_CA_PATH
+from . import firecracker_vm, isolation_probe, netpool, util
 from .bottle import FirecrackerBottle
 from .bottle_plan import FirecrackerBottlePlan
+from .consolidated_launch import (
+    launch_consolidated,
+    teardown_consolidated,
+)
+
+
+_REPO_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent)
+_GIT_HTTP_PORT = 9420
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -28,12 +67,181 @@ def launch(
     *,
     provision: Callable[[FirecrackerBottlePlan, "FirecrackerBottle"], str | None],
 ) -> Generator[FirecrackerBottle, None, None]:
-    """Fail closed: the firecracker backend is disabled while its
+    """Build, launch, and provision a Firecracker bottle via the consolidated
-    consolidated (gateway-backed) launch is built in #354."""
+    orchestrator. Teardown on exit."""
-    del plan, provision
+    stack = ExitStack()
-    die(
+    bottle_for_revoke = plan.manifest.bottle
-        "the firecracker backend is temporarily disabled during the "
+    git_gate_dir_for_revoke = git_gate_state_dir(plan.slug)
-        "companion-container removal (#385); its consolidated relaunch "
+
-        "lands in #354. Use --backend=docker for now."
+    def teardown() -> None:
+        teardown_exc: BaseException | None = None
+        try:
+            stack.close()
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: W0718 - teardown must continue
+            teardown_exc = exc
+            warn(f"firecracker teardown failed: {exc!r}")
+        revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys(bottle_for_revoke, git_gate_dir_for_revoke)
+        if teardown_exc is not None:
+            raise teardown_exc
+
+    try:
+        # Step 1: agent image. The sidecar bundle image is built by the
+        # orchestrator service (ensure_running → ensure_built); we only
+        # build the agent image here. Use a committed snapshot when available.
+        plan = _build_agent_image(plan)
+
+        # Step 2: mint the git-gate dynamic (gitea) deploy keys, if any.
+        git_gate_plan = plan.git_gate_plan
+        if git_gate_plan.upstreams:
+            git_gate_plan = provision_git_gate_dynamic_keys(
+                plan.manifest.bottle, git_gate_plan, git_gate_state_dir(plan.slug),
+            )
+
+        # Step 3: claim a TAP slot; the flock is held until teardown.
+        slot, lock = netpool.allocate(plan.slug)
+        stack.callback(lock.close)
+        info(f"firecracker slot {slot.iface}: host={slot.host_ip} "
+             f"guest={slot.guest_ip}")
+
+        # Step 4: register on the orchestrator + provision this bottle's
+        # git-gate state into the shared gateway. The per-bottle egress tokens
+        # are resolved from the host env now and handed to the orchestrator
+        # (in memory) for the gateway to inject — the agent never sees them.
+        # Attribution is by the VM's guest IP (unspoofable via /31 TAP + nft).
+        effective_env = {**os.environ, **plan.agent_provision.provisioned_env}
+        token_values = egress_resolve_token_values(
+            plan.egress_plan.token_env_map, effective_env,
+        )
+        ctx = launch_consolidated(
+            plan.egress_plan, git_gate_plan,
+            guest_ip=slot.guest_ip,
+            image_ref=plan.image,
+            tokens=token_values,
+        )
+        stack.callback(
+            teardown_consolidated, ctx.bottle_id,
+            orchestrator_url=ctx.orchestrator_url,
+        )
+
+        # Step 5: install the SHARED gateway CA (replaces the per-bottle CA).
+        # Write it to a stable host path so the provisioner can copy it over SSH.
+        ca_dir = egress_state_dir(plan.slug) / "gateway-ca"
+        ca_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        ca_file = ca_dir / "gateway-ca.pem"
+        ca_file.write_text(ctx.gateway_ca_pem)
+        egress_plan = dataclasses.replace(
+            plan.egress_plan,
+            mitmproxy_ca_host_path=ca_file,
+            mitmproxy_ca_cert_only_host_path=ca_file,
+        )
+        # Point the agent's git-gate insteadOf rewrites and supervise MCP URL
+        # at the shared gateway (reached at the slot's host TAP IP — the VM
+        # sends there and Docker DNAT routes to the gateway container).
+        git_gate_url = (
+            f"http://{slot.host_ip}:{_GIT_HTTP_PORT}" if git_gate_plan.upstreams else ""
+        )
+        supervise_url = (
+            f"http://{slot.host_ip}:{SUPERVISE_PORT}/"
+            if plan.supervise_plan is not None else ""
+        )
+        plan = dataclasses.replace(
+            plan,
+            git_gate_plan=git_gate_plan,
+            egress_plan=egress_plan,
+            agent_proxy_url=f"http://{slot.host_ip}:{EGRESS_PORT}",
+            agent_git_gate_url=git_gate_url,
+            agent_supervise_url=supervise_url,
+        )
+
+        # Step 6: build the per-bottle rootfs + SSH key, then boot.
+        base_dir = util.build_base_rootfs_dir(plan.image)
+        run_dir = util.cache_dir() / "run" / plan.slug
+        run_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        rootfs = run_dir / "rootfs.ext4"
+        util.build_rootfs_ext4(base_dir, rootfs)
+        private_key, pubkey = util.generate_keypair(run_dir)
+
+        vm = firecracker_vm.boot(
+            name=plan.container_name,
+            rootfs=rootfs,
+            tap=slot.iface,
+            guest_ip=slot.guest_ip,
+            host_ip=slot.host_ip,
+            pubkey=pubkey,
+            run_dir=run_dir,
+        )
+        stack.callback(vm.terminate)
+        firecracker_vm.wait_for_ssh(vm, private_key)
+
+        # Authoritative fail-closed egress-boundary check, before the agent
+        # runs: prove the VM cannot reach the host directly.
+        isolation_probe.verify_isolation(private_key, slot.guest_ip)
+
+        bottle = FirecrackerBottle(
+            plan.container_name,
+            private_key=private_key,
+            guest_ip=slot.guest_ip,
+            guest_env=_agent_guest_env(plan, slot.host_ip),
+            agent_command=plan.agent_command,
+            agent_prompt_mode=plan.agent_prompt_mode,
+            agent_provider_template=plan.agent_provider_template,
+            terminal_title=(
+                f"{plan.spec.label} ({plan.spec.agent_name})"
+                if plan.spec.label else plan.spec.agent_name
+            ),
+            terminal_color=plan.spec.color,
+            agent_workdir=plan.workspace_plan.workdir,
+        )
+        bottle.prompt_path = provision(plan, bottle)
+
+        yield bottle
+    finally:
+        teardown()
+
+
+def _build_agent_image(plan: FirecrackerBottlePlan) -> FirecrackerBottlePlan:
+    committed = read_committed_image(plan.slug)
+    if committed and docker_mod.image_exists(committed):
+        info(f"using committed image {committed!r}")
+        return dataclasses.replace(
+            plan,
+            agent_provision=dataclasses.replace(plan.agent_provision, image=committed),
+        )
+    docker_mod.build_image(plan.image, _REPO_DIR, dockerfile=plan.dockerfile_path)
+    docker_mod.verify_agent_image(
+        plan.image, runtime_for(plan.agent_provider_template).smoke_test,
     )
-    yield  # unreachable — `die` raises; keeps this a generator/contextmanager
+    return plan
+
+
+# --- agent guest env -------------------------------------------------
+
+def _agent_guest_env(plan: FirecrackerBottlePlan, host_ip: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Env injected into every agent/exec call over SSH. The VM has no
+    baked process env (it just runs init), so the proxy/CA/git/supervise
+    wiring is applied per-invocation."""
+    proxy_url = f"http://{host_ip}:{EGRESS_PORT}"
+    no_proxy = f"localhost,127.0.0.1,{host_ip}"
+    env: dict[str, str] = {
+        "HTTPS_PROXY": proxy_url, "HTTP_PROXY": proxy_url,
+        "https_proxy": proxy_url, "http_proxy": proxy_url,
+        "NO_PROXY": no_proxy, "no_proxy": no_proxy,
+        "NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS": AGENT_CA_PATH,
+        "SSL_CERT_FILE": AGENT_CA_BUNDLE,
+        "REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE": AGENT_CA_BUNDLE,
+    }
+    if plan.agent_git_gate_url:
+        env["GIT_GATE_URL"] = plan.agent_git_gate_url
+    if plan.agent_supervise_url:
+        env["MCP_SUPERVISE_URL"] = plan.agent_supervise_url
+    for entry in egress_agent_env_entries(plan.egress_plan):
+        key, _, value = entry.partition("=")
+        env[key] = value
+    env.update(plan.agent_provision.guest_env)
+    # Forwarded (bare-name) env: resolve host values now, since the VM
+    # can't inherit them from a `docker run --env NAME`.
+    for name in plan.forwarded_env:
+        value = os.environ.get(name)
+        if value is not None:
+            env[name] = value
+    return env

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/util.py

@@ -60,13 +60,21 @@ def dns_server() -> str:
 
 
 def build_image(ref: str, context: str, *, dockerfile: str = "") -> None:
-    """Build an OCI image with Apple's BuildKit-backed `container build`."""
+    """Build an OCI image with Apple's BuildKit-backed `container build`.
+
+    Set `BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE=1` (the `start --no-cache` flag) to force
+    `--no-cache`. The npm/curl installers some provider Dockerfiles
+    shell out to can silently no-op on a transient network failure —
+    e.g. an `optionalDependencies` fetch for a platform-native binary —
+    and the builder will then cache that broken layer indefinitely."""
     info(
         f"building image {ref} from {context} with Apple Container "
         "(layer cache keeps repeat builds fast)"
     )
     _ensure_builder_dns()
     args = [_CONTAINER, "build", "-t", ref, "--dns", dns_server()]
+    if os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE") == "1":
+        args.append("--no-cache")
     if dockerfile:
         # `container build` resolves -f relative to the current working
         # directory, not the build context. Anchor a relative Dockerfile to
@@ -78,6 +86,28 @@ def build_image(ref: str, context: str, *, dockerfile: str = "") -> None:
     subprocess.run(args, check=True)
 
 
+def verify_agent_image(image: str, argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+    """Run `argv` inside a throwaway container of a freshly built agent
+    image and die loudly if it fails, instead of shipping an image
+    whose CLI only breaks at first real use. No-op when the provider
+    hasn't declared a smoke test (`AgentProviderRuntime.smoke_test`)."""
+    if not argv:
+        return
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "run", "--rm", "--entrypoint", argv[0], image, *argv[1:]],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        detail = (result.stderr or result.stdout or "").strip()
+        die(
+            f"agent image {image!r} failed its post-build smoke test "
+            f"({' '.join(argv)}): {detail}\n"
+            f"Try rebuilding from scratch: bot-bottle start --no-cache"
+        )
+
+
 def commit_container(container_name: str, image_tag: str) -> None:
     """Snapshot a running Apple Container as a local image.
 

bot_bottle/cli/start.py

@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=f"{PROG} start", add_help=True)
     parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
     parser.add_argument("--cwd", action="store_true", help="copy host cwd into the running bottle")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-cache",
+        action="store_true",
+        help=(
+            "rebuild agent/sidecar images from scratch, bypassing the "
+            "build layer cache. Use when an image looks broken after a "
+            "dependency bump — e.g. an installer's optionalDependencies "
+            "fetch silently no-op'd on a transient failure and got baked "
+            "into a cached layer."
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--backend",
         choices=known_backend_names(),
@@ -97,6 +108,11 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
     dry_run = args.dry_run or os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_DRY_RUN") == "1"
+    if args.no_cache or os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE") == "1":
+        # Read by build_image() in each backend's util module — set here
+        # so both the interactive and --headless paths pick it up without
+        # threading a no_cache field through every backend's plan dataclass.
+        os.environ["BOT_BOTTLE_NO_CACHE"] = "1"
 
     manifest = ManifestIndex.resolve(USER_CWD)
     backend_name: str | None = args.backend

bot_bottle/contrib/claude/agent_provider.py

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ _RUNTIME = AgentProviderRuntime(
     prompt_mode="append_file",
     bypass_args=("--dangerously-skip-permissions",),
     resume_args=("--continue",),
+    smoke_test=("claude", "--version"),
 )
 
 

bot_bottle/contrib/codex/agent_provider.py

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ _RUNTIME = AgentProviderRuntime(
     prompt_mode="read_prompt_file",
     bypass_args=("--dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox",),
     resume_args=("resume", "--last"),
+    smoke_test=(_CODEX_CLI, "--version"),
 )
 
 

bot_bottle/orchestrator/gateway.py

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ class DockerGateway(Gateway):
         orchestrator_url: str = "",
         build_context: Path | None = None,
         dockerfile: str | None = GATEWAY_DOCKERFILE,
+        host_port_bindings: tuple[int, ...] = (),
     ) -> None:
         self.image_ref = image_ref
         self.name = name
@@ -110,6 +111,10 @@ class DockerGateway(Gateway):
         self._orchestrator_url = orchestrator_url
         self._build_context = build_context or _REPO_ROOT
         self._dockerfile = dockerfile
+        # Ports published on the host (0.0.0.0). Used by the Firecracker
+        # backend's dev-harness gateway so VMs can reach it via their TAP link;
+        # Docker's DNAT + the nft `ct status dnat accept` rule handle the rest.
+        self._host_port_bindings = host_port_bindings
 
     def image_exists(self) -> bool:
         return run_docker(["docker", "image", "inspect", self.image_ref]).returncode == 0
@@ -188,6 +193,8 @@ class DockerGateway(Gateway):
             # trust it) — see GATEWAY_CA_VOLUME.
             "--volume", f"{GATEWAY_CA_VOLUME}:{MITMPROXY_HOME}",
         ]
+        for port in self._host_port_bindings:
+            argv += ["--publish", f"0.0.0.0:{port}:{port}"]
         if self._orchestrator_url:
             # Makes the gateway's egress / git / supervise daemons multi-tenant:
             # each request resolves source-IP -> policy against the control plane.

bot_bottle/orchestrator/lifecycle.py

@@ -78,7 +78,13 @@ def _source_hash(repo_root: Path) -> str:
 
 class OrchestratorService:
     """Manages the orchestrator control-plane container + the shared gateway.
-    Callers only need `ensure_running()` + `url`."""
+    Callers only need `ensure_running()` + `url`.
+
+    `orchestrator_name` / `orchestrator_label` let backends run independent
+    orchestrators on the same host without name collisions (e.g. the
+    Firecracker backend uses `bot-bottle-fc-orchestrator` alongside the Docker
+    backend's `bot-bottle-orchestrator`). Subclass and override `_gateway()`
+    to supply a backend-specific gateway variant."""
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -89,6 +95,8 @@ class OrchestratorService:
         gateway_image: str = GATEWAY_IMAGE,
         repo_root: Path = _REPO_ROOT,
         host_root: Path | None = None,
+        orchestrator_name: str = ORCHESTRATOR_NAME,
+        orchestrator_label: str = ORCHESTRATOR_LABEL,
     ) -> None:
         self.port = port
         self.network = network
@@ -100,6 +108,8 @@ class OrchestratorService:
         self._gateway_image = gateway_image
         self._repo_root = repo_root
         self._host_root = host_root or bot_bottle_root()
+        self._orchestrator_name = orchestrator_name
+        self._orchestrator_label = orchestrator_label
 
     @property
     def url(self) -> str:
@@ -111,7 +121,7 @@ class OrchestratorService:
         """Control-plane URL as the gateway container reaches it — by name over
         docker DNS on the shared network. This is the gateway's
         BOT_BOTTLE_ORCHESTRATOR_URL."""
-        return f"http://{ORCHESTRATOR_NAME}:{self.port}"
+        return f"http://{self._orchestrator_name}:{self.port}"
 
     def is_healthy(self, *, timeout: float = _HEALTH_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) -> bool:
         try:
@@ -129,11 +139,11 @@ class OrchestratorService:
         fixed-name container first). Register-only broker → no docker socket.
         Labels the container with `source_hash` so a later `ensure_running`
         can detect a real code change (see `_source_hash`)."""
-        run_docker(["docker", "rm", "--force", ORCHESTRATOR_NAME])
+        run_docker(["docker", "rm", "--force", self._orchestrator_name])
         proc = run_docker([
             "docker", "run", "--detach",
-            "--name", ORCHESTRATOR_NAME,
+            "--name", self._orchestrator_name,
-            "--label", ORCHESTRATOR_LABEL,
+            "--label", self._orchestrator_label,
             "--label", f"{ORCHESTRATOR_SOURCE_HASH_LABEL}={source_hash}",
             "--network", self.network,
             # Host CLI reaches the control plane here; bound to loopback so it
@@ -185,12 +195,12 @@ class OrchestratorService:
         *current* bind-mounted source. Mirrors `DockerGateway`'s
         image-staleness check, but by content hash rather than image id since
         the orchestrator runs bind-mounted source, not a built image."""
-        if not self._container_running(ORCHESTRATOR_NAME):
+        if not self._container_running(self._orchestrator_name):
             return False
         proc = run_docker([
             "docker", "inspect", "--format",
             "{{ index .Config.Labels \"" + ORCHESTRATOR_SOURCE_HASH_LABEL + "\" }}",
-            ORCHESTRATOR_NAME,
+            self._orchestrator_name,
         ])
         if proc.returncode != 0:
             return True  # can't compare -> don't churn a working container
@@ -219,7 +229,10 @@ class OrchestratorService:
             return self.url
 
         self._ensure_orchestrator_image()
-        log.info("starting orchestrator container", context={"name": ORCHESTRATOR_NAME})
+        log.info(
+            "starting orchestrator container",
+            context={"name": self._orchestrator_name},
+        )
         self._run_orchestrator_container(current_hash)
 
         deadline = time.monotonic() + startup_timeout
@@ -234,7 +247,7 @@ class OrchestratorService:
 
     def stop(self) -> None:
         """Remove the orchestrator + gateway containers (idempotent)."""
-        run_docker(["docker", "rm", "--force", ORCHESTRATOR_NAME])
+        run_docker(["docker", "rm", "--force", self._orchestrator_name])
         self._gateway().stop()
 
 

tests/unit/test_docker_launch_committed_image.py

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ class TestLaunchCommittedImage(unittest.TestCase):
         with mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "read_committed_image", return_value=committed_tag), \
                 mock.patch.object(launch_mod.docker_mod, "image_exists", return_value=image_present), \
                 mock.patch.object(launch_mod.docker_mod, "build_image", side_effect=_build), \
+                mock.patch.object(launch_mod.docker_mod, "verify_agent_image"), \
                 mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "launch_consolidated", return_value=_CTX), \
                 mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "teardown_consolidated"), \
                 mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "DockerGateway", return_value=gw), \

tests/unit/test_docker_launch_teardown.py

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ class TestTeardownWarning(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         with mock.patch.object(launch_mod.docker_mod, "build_image"), \
+             mock.patch.object(launch_mod.docker_mod, "verify_agent_image"), \
              mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "launch_consolidated", return_value=ctx), \
              mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "teardown_consolidated"), \
              mock.patch.object(launch_mod, "DockerGateway", return_value=gw), \