docs: add role and git.fetch to egress route fields table

Both fields were missing from the reference table added in the preceding
commit — `role` is visible in examples/bottles/claude.md and `git.fetch`
is documented in PRD 0052 but neither appeared in the README table.

AGENTS.md

@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ with a curated set of skills and env vars. The point is to run agents with
 broad permissions inside a sandbox, so a misbehaving agent cannot reach the
 host. A Python CLI (entry point `cli.py`, package `bot_bottle/`) orchestrates
 the runtime lifecycle and the copying of skills and env vars into it.
-The default backend is smolmachines on macOS: agents run in a libkrun
+The default backend on compatible macOS hosts is macos-container:
-micro-VM, while the sidecar bundle still uses Docker. The legacy Docker
+agents and sidecar bundles run through Apple's `container` CLI without
-backend remains available with `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker` or
+requiring Docker. The smolmachines backend remains available with
-`--backend=docker`.
+`BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=smolmachines` or `--backend=smolmachines`; agents
+run in a libkrun micro-VM, while the sidecar bundle still uses Docker.
+The legacy Docker backend remains available with `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker`
+or `--backend=docker`.
 
 ## Goals
 

README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # bot-bottle
 
 [![test](https://gitea.dideric.is/didericis/bot-bottle/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://gitea.dideric.is/didericis/bot-bottle/actions?workflow=test.yml)
-[![pylint](https://img.shields.io/badge/pylint-9.94%2F10-brightgreen)](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint)
+[![pylint](https://img.shields.io/badge/pylint-9.93%2F10-brightgreen)](https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint)
 [![pyright](https://img.shields.io/badge/pyright-0%20errors-brightgreen)](https://github.com/microsoft/pyright)
 
 **Problem:** Developer wants to run a coding agent without supervision, but they don't want a prompt injected or misbehaving agent wrecking their environment or exfiltrating sensitive data.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 ## Features
 
-- **Per-bottle egress allowlist** — TLS-bumped HTTP/HTTPS chokepoint with a per-manifest host allowlist and request-body DLP scanner; DoH and arbitrary hosts blocked by default.
+- **Per-bottle egress allowlist** — TLS-bumped HTTP/HTTPS chokepoint with a per-manifest host allowlist; per-route path/method/header `matches` filtering; outbound DLP scanning for known tokens and secrets, inbound DLP scanning for prompt-injection attempts; DoH and arbitrary hosts blocked by default.
 - **Tokens the agent never sees** — host secrets live in a sidecar; the agent dials `http://sidecar:9099/<path>` and the proxy strips inbound `Authorization` and injects the real token before forwarding. `printenv` in the agent shows proxy URLs only.
 - **Gitleaks-scanned push (git-gate)** — `bottle.git` remotes route through a per-bottle `git daemon` that gitleaks-scans incoming refs pre-receive and forwards clean refs upstream over SSH. The agent never holds the upstream credential.
 - **Manifest-scoped skills + secrets** — each bottle declares its skills, env, git identity, remotes, and egress routes; unknown keys die at load.
@@ -23,12 +23,15 @@
 - **Parallel, isolated bottles** — each bottle runs in its own backend-owned isolation boundary; bottles don't share state or talk to each other.
 - **Provider templates (Claude, Codex)** — `Dockerfile.claude` / `Dockerfile.codex`, or a bottle-supplied Dockerfile. Claude auth via long-lived OAuth token; Codex via opt-in host device-auth forwarding.
 - **gVisor auto-detect** — on Linux hosts where `runsc` is registered with Docker, every bottle launches under it for a userspace syscall barrier; no manifest config required.
-- **Smolmachines backend (macOS default)** — runs the agent in a libkrun micro-VM while the sidecar bundle stays in Docker. TSI and smolmachines DNS filtering close the raw DNS exfiltration gap that exists in the legacy Docker backend.
+- **Apple Container backend (macOS default when available)** — runs the agent and sidecar bundle with Apple's `container` CLI, using a host-only agent network plus a separate sidecar egress network.
-- **Legacy Docker backend** — still available for examples, CI, and hosts without smolvm via `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker` or `--backend=docker`.
+- **Smolmachines backend** — runs the agent in a libkrun micro-VM while the sidecar bundle stays in Docker. TSI and smolmachines DNS filtering close the raw DNS exfiltration gap that exists in the legacy Docker backend.
+- **Legacy Docker backend** — still available for examples, CI, and hosts without Apple Container via `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker` or `--backend=docker`.
 
 ## Architecture
 
-On the default smolmachines backend, a bottle is an agent micro-VM plus a Docker sidecar bundle for egress, git-gate, and supervise. The VM reaches the sidecars through a per-bottle loopback alias allowed by TSI; smolmachines handles DNS filtering below the guest OS.
+On the default macOS Apple Container backend, a bottle is an agent container on a host-only internal network plus a sidecar bundle attached to both that internal network and a NAT egress network. The agent gets HTTP(S)_PROXY and CA bundle env vars pointing at the sidecar's internal-network IP, so HTTP/HTTPS traffic flows through the sidecar instead of direct egress. `bottle.git` / git-gate is intentionally deferred on this backend until a safe Apple Container key-delivery path exists.
+
+On the smolmachines backend, a bottle is an agent micro-VM plus a Docker sidecar bundle for egress, git-gate, and supervise. The VM reaches the sidecars through a per-bottle loopback alias allowed by TSI; smolmachines handles DNS filtering below the guest OS.
 
 On the legacy Docker backend, the same logical bottle is two containers per agent: an `agent` container and a `sidecars` container. They share a per-agent Docker `--internal` network; the agent has no default route off-box.
 
@@ -67,9 +70,9 @@ When the agent exits, `cli.py` tears down every sidecar and both networks; nothi
 
 ## Quickstart
 
-Requires Docker on the host for the sidecar bundle, smolvm on macOS for the default backend, and a long-lived Claude Code OAuth token (`claude setup-token`) exported as `BOT_BOTTLE_CLAUDE_OAUTH_TOKEN`.
+On compatible macOS hosts, the default backend requires Apple's `container` CLI and does not require Docker. The smolmachines backend requires Docker on the host for the sidecar bundle plus smolvm. The legacy Docker backend requires Docker. Claude bottles also need a long-lived Claude Code OAuth token (`claude setup-token`) exported as `BOT_BOTTLE_CLAUDE_OAUTH_TOKEN`.
 
-Use `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker ./cli.py start <agent>` on hosts where smolvm is not installed.
+Use `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=docker ./cli.py start <agent>` on hosts where Apple Container is not installed and Docker is the desired backend.
 
 ```sh
 ./cli.py start <agent>   # builds the image on first run, drops you into claude
@@ -103,8 +106,15 @@ egress:
   routes:
     - host: gitea.dideric.is
       auth:
-        scheme: token
+        scheme: token        # Bearer | token
         token_ref: BOT_BOTTLE_GITEA_TOKEN
+      matches:               # optional — restrict to specific paths/methods/headers
+        - paths:
+            - {type: prefix, value: /api/v1/}
+          methods: [GET, POST, PATCH, DELETE]
+      dlp:                   # optional — per-route detector overrides (default: all on)
+        outbound_detectors: [token_patterns, known_secrets]
+        inbound_detectors: false   # disable response scanning for this host
 ---
 
 The `gitea-dev` bottle. Provider auth via the inherited Claude route;
@@ -123,6 +133,23 @@ skills:
 You help maintain Gitea-hosted projects.
 ````
 
+**Egress route fields:**
+
+| Field | Required | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `host` | yes | Hostname to allowlist. One entry per host. |
+| `role` | no | Provider-specific role string (e.g. `claude_code_oauth`). Wires built-in auth flows; set by provider templates, not manually. |
+| `auth.scheme` | when `auth` present | `Bearer` or `token`. Injected by the proxy; the agent never sees the value. |
+| `auth.token_ref` | when `auth` present | Env-var name holding the secret on the host. |
+| `matches` | no | Array of `{paths, methods, headers}` filters. A request must match at least one entry (if any are given) to be forwarded. |
+| `matches[].paths` | no | Array of `{type, value}`. `type` is `prefix` (default), `exact`, or `regex`. |
+| `matches[].methods` | no | Array of HTTP method strings, e.g. `[GET, POST]`. |
+| `matches[].headers` | no | Array of `{name, value, type}`. `type` is `exact` (default) or `regex`. |
+| `dlp` | no | Per-route DLP overrides. Omit to use defaults (all detectors on). |
+| `dlp.outbound_detectors` | no | `false` disables outbound scanning; list restricts to named detectors (`token_patterns`, `known_secrets`). |
+| `dlp.inbound_detectors` | no | `false` disables inbound scanning; list restricts to named detectors (`naive_injection_detection`). |
+| `git.fetch` | no | `true` permits smart HTTP clone/fetch (`git-upload-pack`) for this host. Push (`git-receive-pack`) remains blocked. |
+
 More examples in `examples/`. Full design lives under `docs/prds/`; the trust-boundary rationale is in `docs/prds/0011-per-file-md-manifest.md`.
 
 ## Trademarks

bot_bottle/backend/__init__.py

@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ backend exposes five methods:
       enough metadata for callers (CLI `list active`, dashboard
       agents pane) to render a row.
 
-Selection is driven by `--backend` on `start` or
+Selection is driven by `--backend` on `start` or BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND
-BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND (env var; default "smolmachines"). Per PRD 0003 the
+(env var). When neither is set, compatible macOS hosts default to
-manifest does not carry a backend field; the host picks.
+`macos-container`; other hosts default to `smolmachines`. Per PRD 0003
+the manifest does not carry a backend field; the host picks.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ class ActiveAgent:
     of sidecar daemons currently up for this bottle (`egress`,
     `git-gate`, `supervise`); the dashboard uses it to
     gate edit verbs. `backend_name` is the matching key in
-    `_BACKENDS` (`docker` / `smolmachines`) — used by the active-
+    `_BACKENDS` (`docker` / `smolmachines` / `macos-container`) — used by the active-
     list rendering to disambiguate and by the dashboard's
     re-attach path."""
 
@@ -530,6 +531,7 @@ class BottleBackend(ABC, Generic[PlanT, CleanupT]):
 # each backend module can pull BottleSpec / BottlePlan / BottleBackend
 # via `from . import ...` without hitting a partially-initialized module.
 from .docker import DockerBottleBackend  # noqa: E402  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
+from .macos_container import MacosContainerBottleBackend  # noqa: E402  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 from .smolmachines import SmolmachinesBottleBackend  # noqa: E402  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 
 
@@ -539,6 +541,7 @@ from .smolmachines import SmolmachinesBottleBackend  # noqa: E402  # pylint: dis
 # unparameterized methods (prepare → plan → launch(plan), cleanup, etc.).
 _BACKENDS: dict[str, BottleBackend[Any, Any]] = {
     "docker": DockerBottleBackend(),
+    "macos-container": MacosContainerBottleBackend(),
     "smolmachines": SmolmachinesBottleBackend(),
 }
 
@@ -551,17 +554,24 @@ def get_bottle_backend(
     `name` precedence:
       1. explicit arg (CLI `--backend=<name>` passes through here)
       2. BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND env var
-      3. default `smolmachines`
+      3. `macos-container` on compatible macOS hosts
+      4. default `smolmachines`
 
     Dies with a pointer at the known backends if the chosen name
     isn't implemented."""
-    resolved = name or os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND") or "smolmachines"
+    resolved = name or os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND") or _default_backend_name()
     if resolved not in _BACKENDS:
         known = ", ".join(sorted(_BACKENDS))
         die(f"unknown backend {resolved!r}; known backends: {known}")
     return _BACKENDS[resolved]
 
 
+def _default_backend_name() -> str:
+    if has_backend("macos-container"):
+        return "macos-container"
+    return "smolmachines"
+
+
 def known_backend_names() -> tuple[str, ...]:
     """Sorted tuple of all backend keys in `_BACKENDS`. Used by
     argparse (`--backend` choices) and the dashboard's backend

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""macOS Apple Container backend.
+
+Selectable via `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=macos-container`. This package owns
+the Apple `container` CLI integration; launch remains gated until the
+sidecar network enforcement shape is implemented.
+"""
+
+from .backend import MacosContainerBottleBackend
+
+__all__ = ["MacosContainerBottleBackend"]

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""MacosContainerBottleBackend — Apple Container implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Generator, Sequence
+
+from ...agent_provider import AgentProvisionPlan
+from ...egress import EgressPlan
+from ...env import ResolvedEnv
+from ...git_gate import GitGatePlan
+from ...supervise import SupervisePlan
+from .. import ActiveAgent, BottleBackend, BottleSpec
+from . import cleanup as _cleanup
+from . import enumerate as _enumerate
+from . import launch as _launch
+from . import resolve_plan as _resolve_plan
+from . import util as _container
+from .bottle import MacosContainerBottle
+from .bottle_cleanup_plan import MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan
+from .bottle_plan import MacosContainerBottlePlan
+
+
+class MacosContainerBottleBackend(
+    BottleBackend["MacosContainerBottlePlan", "MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan"]
+):
+    """Apple Container backend. Selected by
+    `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=macos-container` or
+    `--backend=macos-container`."""
+
+    name = "macos-container"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_available(cls) -> bool:
+        return _container.is_available()
+
+    def _preflight(self) -> None:
+        _resolve_plan.preflight()
+
+    def _build_guest_env(self, resolved_env: ResolvedEnv) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return _resolve_plan.build_guest_env(resolved_env)
+
+    def _resolve_plan(
+        self,
+        spec: BottleSpec,
+        *,
+        slug: str,
+        resolved_env: ResolvedEnv,
+        agent_provision_plan: AgentProvisionPlan,
+        egress_plan: EgressPlan,
+        git_gate_plan: GitGatePlan,
+        supervise_plan: SupervisePlan | None,
+        stage_dir: Path,
+    ) -> MacosContainerBottlePlan:
+        return _resolve_plan.resolve_plan(
+            spec,
+            slug=slug,
+            resolved_env=resolved_env,
+            agent_provision_plan=agent_provision_plan,
+            egress_plan=egress_plan,
+            supervise_plan=supervise_plan,
+            git_gate_plan=git_gate_plan,
+            stage_dir=stage_dir,
+        )
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def launch(
+        self, plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan
+    ) -> Generator[MacosContainerBottle, None, None]:
+        with _launch.launch(plan, provision=self.provision) as bottle:
+            yield bottle
+
+    def prepare_cleanup(self) -> MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan:
+        return _cleanup.prepare_cleanup()
+
+    def cleanup(self, plan: MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan) -> None:
+        _cleanup.cleanup(plan)
+
+    def enumerate_active(self) -> Sequence[ActiveAgent]:
+        return _enumerate.enumerate_active()
+
+    def supervise_mcp_url(self, plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> str:
+        return plan.agent_supervise_url

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/bottle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""Bottle handle for Apple's `container` CLI."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from typing import Callable, cast
+
+from ...agent_provider import PromptMode, prompt_args
+from .. import Bottle, ExecResult
+from ..terminal import exec_shell_script
+
+
+class MacosContainerBottle(Bottle):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        container: str,
+        teardown: Callable[[], None],
+        prompt_path_in_container: str | None,
+        *,
+        agent_command: str = "claude",
+        agent_prompt_mode: PromptMode = "append_file",
+        agent_provider_template: str = "claude",
+        terminal_title: str = "",
+        terminal_color: str = "",
+        agent_workdir: str = "/home/node",
+    ):
+        self.name = container
+        self._teardown = teardown
+        self.prompt_path = prompt_path_in_container
+        self._agent_prompt_mode = agent_prompt_mode
+        self.agent_command = agent_command
+        self.terminal_title = terminal_title
+        self.terminal_color = terminal_color
+        self.agent_provider_template = agent_provider_template
+        self.agent_workdir = agent_workdir
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def agent_argv(self, argv: list[str], *, tty: bool = True) -> list[str]:
+        full_argv = list(argv)
+        full_argv.extend(
+            prompt_args(
+                cast(PromptMode, self._agent_prompt_mode),
+                self.prompt_path,
+                argv=full_argv,
+            )
+        )
+        cmd = ["container", "exec"]
+        if tty:
+            cmd.extend(["--interactive", "--tty"])
+        if self.agent_workdir and self.agent_workdir != "/home/node":
+            cmd.extend(["--workdir", self.agent_workdir])
+        cmd.extend([self.name, self.agent_command, *full_argv])
+        return cmd
+
+    def exec_agent(self, argv: list[str], *, tty: bool = True) -> int:
+        agent_argv = self.agent_argv(argv, tty=tty)
+        script = (
+            exec_shell_script(agent_argv, self.terminal_title, self.terminal_color)
+            if tty else None
+        )
+        if script is None:
+            return subprocess.run(agent_argv, check=False).returncode
+        return subprocess.run(["sh", "-lc", script], check=False).returncode
+
+    def exec(self, script: str, *, user: str = "node") -> ExecResult:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["container", "exec", "--user", user, "--interactive",
+             self.name, "sh", "-s"],
+            input=script,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        return ExecResult(
+            returncode=result.returncode,
+            stdout=result.stdout,
+            stderr=result.stderr,
+        )
+
+    def cp_in(self, host_path: str, container_path: str) -> None:
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["container", "cp", host_path, f"{self.name}:{container_path}"],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+        self._closed = True
+        self._teardown()

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/bottle_cleanup_plan.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Cleanup plan for the macOS Apple Container backend."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from ...log import info
+from .. import BottleCleanupPlan
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan(BottleCleanupPlan):
+    containers: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    networks: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+
+    def print(self) -> None:
+        if not self.containers and not self.networks:
+            info("macos-container cleanup: nothing to remove")
+            return
+        for name in self.containers:
+            info(f"macos-container container: {name}")
+        for name in self.networks:
+            info(f"macos-container network: {name}")
+
+    @property
+    def empty(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.containers and not self.networks

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/bottle_plan.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Plan type for the macOS Apple Container backend."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ...agent_provider import PromptMode
+from .. import BottlePlan
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MacosContainerBottlePlan(BottlePlan):
+    slug: str
+    forwarded_env: dict[str, str] = field(repr=False)
+    agent_proxy_url: str = ""
+    agent_git_gate_url: str = ""
+    agent_supervise_url: str = ""
+
+    @property
+    def container_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.agent_provision.instance_name
+
+    @property
+    def image(self) -> str:
+        return self.agent_provision.image
+
+    @property
+    def dockerfile_path(self) -> str:
+        return self.agent_provision.dockerfile
+
+    @property
+    def prompt_file(self) -> Path:
+        return self.agent_provision.prompt_file
+
+    @property
+    def agent_command(self) -> str:
+        return self.agent_provision.command
+
+    @property
+    def agent_prompt_mode(self) -> PromptMode:
+        return self.agent_provision.prompt_mode
+
+    @property
+    def agent_provider_template(self) -> str:
+        return self.agent_provision.template
+
+    @property
+    def git_gate_insteadof_host(self) -> str:
+        if self.agent_git_gate_url.startswith("http://"):
+            return self.agent_git_gate_url.removeprefix("http://").rstrip("/")
+        return super().git_gate_insteadof_host
+
+    @property
+    def git_gate_insteadof_scheme(self) -> str:
+        if self.agent_git_gate_url.startswith("http://"):
+            return "http"
+        return super().git_gate_insteadof_scheme

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/cleanup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Cleanup for the macOS Apple Container backend."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+
+from ...log import info, warn
+from . import util as container_mod
+from .bottle_cleanup_plan import MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan
+
+_PREFIX = "bot-bottle-"
+_BUNDLE_PREFIX = "bot-bottle-sidecars-"
+
+
+def _list_prefixed_containers() -> list[str]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["container", "list", "--all", "--quiet"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        warn(f"container list failed: {result.stderr.strip()}")
+        return []
+    return sorted(
+        name for name in (line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines())
+        if name.startswith(_PREFIX) or name.startswith(_BUNDLE_PREFIX)
+    )
+
+
+def _list_prefixed_networks() -> list[str]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["container", "network", "list", "--quiet"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return []
+    return sorted(
+        name for name in (line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines())
+        if name.startswith(_PREFIX)
+    )
+
+
+def prepare_cleanup() -> MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan:
+    container_mod.require_container()
+    return MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan(
+        containers=tuple(_list_prefixed_containers()),
+        networks=tuple(_list_prefixed_networks()),
+    )
+
+
+def cleanup(plan: MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan) -> None:
+    for name in plan.containers:
+        info(f"container delete --force {name}")
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["container", "delete", "--force", name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    for name in plan.networks:
+        info(f"container network delete {name}")
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["container", "network", "delete", name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/enumerate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Active-agent enumeration for the macOS Apple Container backend."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+
+from ...bottle_state import read_metadata
+from .. import ActiveAgent
+
+_PREFIX = "bot-bottle-"
+_SIDECAR_PREFIX = "bot-bottle-sidecars-"
+
+
+def enumerate_active() -> list[ActiveAgent]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["container", "list", "--quiet"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return []
+    out: list[ActiveAgent] = []
+    for name in sorted(line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines()):
+        if not name.startswith(_PREFIX):
+            continue
+        if name.startswith(_SIDECAR_PREFIX):
+            continue
+        slug = name[len(_PREFIX):]
+        metadata = read_metadata(slug)
+        out.append(ActiveAgent(
+            backend_name="macos-container",
+            slug=slug,
+            agent_name=metadata.agent_name if metadata else "?",
+            started_at=metadata.started_at if metadata else "",
+            services=(),
+            label=metadata.label if metadata else "",
+            color=metadata.color if metadata else "",
+        ))
+    return out

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+"""Launch flow for the macOS Apple Container backend.
+
+This backend keeps the explicit proxy-env enforcement model for v1:
+the agent container is attached only to a host-only Apple Container
+network, while the sidecar bundle is attached to a NAT network first
+and the host-only network second. The sidecar's host-only IP is
+discovered from `container inspect` and stamped into the agent's
+HTTP_PROXY / HTTPS_PROXY env vars.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Callable, Generator
+
+from ...bottle_state import egress_state_dir, git_gate_state_dir
+from ...egress import EGRESS_ROUTES_IN_CONTAINER, egress_resolve_token_values
+from ...git_gate import revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys
+from ...log import die, info, warn
+from ...supervise import QUEUE_DIR_IN_CONTAINER, SUPERVISE_PORT
+from ...util import expand_tilde
+from ..docker.egress import EGRESS_CA_IN_CONTAINER, EGRESS_PORT
+from ..docker.git_gate import (
+    GIT_GATE_ACCESS_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER,
+    GIT_GATE_CREDS_DIR_IN_CONTAINER,
+    GIT_GATE_ENTRYPOINT_IN_CONTAINER,
+    GIT_GATE_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER,
+)
+from ..docker.sidecar_bundle import (
+    SIDECAR_BUNDLE_DOCKERFILE,
+    SIDECAR_BUNDLE_IMAGE,
+)
+from ..docker.egress import egress_tls_init
+from ..util import AGENT_CA_BUNDLE, AGENT_CA_PATH
+from . import util as container_mod
+from .bottle import MacosContainerBottle
+from .bottle_plan import MacosContainerBottlePlan
+
+
+_REPO_DIR = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent.parent)
+_AGENT_SLEEP_SECONDS = "2147483647"
+_GIT_HTTP_PORT = 9420
+_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE = "/run/git-gate/ready"
+
+
+def internal_network_name(slug: str) -> str:
+    return f"bot-bottle-net-{slug}"
+
+
+def egress_network_name(slug: str) -> str:
+    return f"bot-bottle-egress-{slug}"
+
+
+def sidecar_container_name(slug: str) -> str:
+    return f"bot-bottle-sidecars-{slug}"
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def launch(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    *,
+    provision: Callable[[MacosContainerBottlePlan, "MacosContainerBottle"], str | None],
+) -> Generator[MacosContainerBottle, None, None]:
+    """Build, run, provision, and yield an Apple Container bottle."""
+    stack = ExitStack()
+    bottle_for_revoke = plan.spec.manifest.bottle_for(plan.spec.agent_name)
+    git_gate_dir_for_revoke = git_gate_state_dir(plan.slug)
+
+    def teardown() -> None:
+        teardown_exc: BaseException | None = None
+        try:
+            stack.close()
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: W0718 - teardown must continue
+            teardown_exc = exc
+            warn(f"macos-container teardown failed: {exc!r}")
+        revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys(bottle_for_revoke, git_gate_dir_for_revoke)
+        if teardown_exc is not None:
+            raise teardown_exc
+
+    try:
+        plan = _mint_certs(plan)
+        _build_images(plan)
+
+        internal_network = internal_network_name(plan.slug)
+        egress_network = egress_network_name(plan.slug)
+        _create_networks(internal_network, egress_network, stack)
+
+        sidecar_name = sidecar_container_name(plan.slug)
+        container_mod.force_remove_container(sidecar_name)
+        _start_sidecar_bundle(plan, sidecar_name, internal_network, egress_network)
+        stack.callback(container_mod.force_remove_container, sidecar_name)
+        _stage_git_gate(plan, sidecar_name)
+
+        sidecar_ip = container_mod.container_ipv4_on_network(
+            sidecar_name, internal_network,
+        )
+        plan = _stamp_agent_urls(plan, sidecar_ip)
+
+        container_mod.force_remove_container(plan.container_name)
+        _start_agent(plan, internal_network, sidecar_ip)
+        stack.callback(container_mod.force_remove_container, plan.container_name)
+
+        bottle = MacosContainerBottle(
+            plan.container_name,
+            teardown,
+            None,
+            agent_command=plan.agent_command,
+            agent_prompt_mode=plan.agent_prompt_mode,
+            agent_provider_template=plan.agent_provider_template,
+            terminal_title=plan.spec.label or plan.spec.agent_name,
+            terminal_color=plan.spec.color,
+            agent_workdir=plan.workspace_plan.workdir,
+        )
+        bottle.prompt_path = provision(plan, bottle)
+
+        yield bottle
+    finally:
+        teardown()
+
+
+def _mint_certs(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> MacosContainerBottlePlan:
+    egress_ca_host, egress_ca_cert_only = egress_tls_init(
+        egress_state_dir(plan.slug),
+    )
+    egress_plan = dataclasses.replace(
+        plan.egress_plan,
+        mitmproxy_ca_host_path=egress_ca_host,
+        mitmproxy_ca_cert_only_host_path=egress_ca_cert_only,
+    )
+    return dataclasses.replace(plan, egress_plan=egress_plan)
+
+
+def _build_images(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> None:
+    container_mod.build_image(
+        SIDECAR_BUNDLE_IMAGE,
+        _REPO_DIR,
+        dockerfile=SIDECAR_BUNDLE_DOCKERFILE,
+    )
+    container_mod.build_image(
+        plan.image,
+        _REPO_DIR,
+        dockerfile=plan.dockerfile_path,
+    )
+
+
+def _create_networks(
+    internal_network: str,
+    egress_network: str,
+    stack: ExitStack,
+) -> None:
+    container_mod.create_network(internal_network, internal=True)
+    stack.callback(container_mod.remove_network, internal_network)
+    container_mod.create_network(egress_network)
+    stack.callback(container_mod.remove_network, egress_network)
+
+
+def _start_sidecar_bundle(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    sidecar_name: str,
+    internal_network: str,
+    egress_network: str,
+) -> None:
+    argv = _sidecar_run_argv(plan, sidecar_name, internal_network, egress_network)
+    effective_env = {**dict(os.environ), **plan.agent_provision.provisioned_env}
+    token_values = egress_resolve_token_values(
+        plan.egress_plan.token_env_map, effective_env,
+    )
+    env = {**os.environ, **token_values}
+    info(f"container run sidecar bundle {sidecar_name}")
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        argv, capture_output=True, text=True, env=env, check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container run for sidecar bundle {sidecar_name} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+
+
+def _start_agent(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    internal_network: str,
+    sidecar_ip: str,
+) -> None:
+    argv = _agent_run_argv(plan, internal_network, sidecar_ip)
+    env = {
+        **os.environ,
+        **plan.forwarded_env,
+    }
+    info(f"container run agent {plan.container_name}")
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        argv, capture_output=True, text=True, env=env, check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container run for agent {plan.container_name} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+
+
+def _stamp_agent_urls(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    sidecar_ip: str,
+) -> MacosContainerBottlePlan:
+    proxy_url = f"http://{sidecar_ip}:{EGRESS_PORT}"
+    supervise_url = ""
+    if plan.supervise_plan is not None:
+        supervise_url = f"http://{sidecar_ip}:{SUPERVISE_PORT}/"
+    git_gate_url = ""
+    if plan.git_gate_plan.upstreams:
+        git_gate_url = f"http://{sidecar_ip}:{_GIT_HTTP_PORT}"
+    return dataclasses.replace(
+        plan,
+        agent_proxy_url=proxy_url,
+        agent_git_gate_url=git_gate_url,
+        agent_supervise_url=supervise_url,
+    )
+
+
+def _stage_git_gate(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan, sidecar_name: str) -> None:
+    gp = plan.git_gate_plan
+    if not gp.upstreams:
+        return
+
+    container_mod.exec_container(
+        sidecar_name,
+        [
+            "mkdir",
+            "-p",
+            str(Path(GIT_GATE_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER).parent),
+            GIT_GATE_CREDS_DIR_IN_CONTAINER,
+            "/git",
+            str(Path(_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE).parent),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    for host_path, container_path in _git_gate_files(plan):
+        container_mod.copy_into_container(
+            sidecar_name, host_path, container_path,
+        )
+
+    container_mod.exec_container(
+        sidecar_name,
+        [
+            "sh",
+            "-c",
+            "chmod 755 "
+            f"{GIT_GATE_ENTRYPOINT_IN_CONTAINER} "
+            f"{GIT_GATE_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER} "
+            f"{GIT_GATE_ACCESS_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER} && "
+            f"chmod 600 {GIT_GATE_CREDS_DIR_IN_CONTAINER}/* && "
+            f"touch {_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE}",
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def _git_gate_files(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+) -> tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]:
+    gp = plan.git_gate_plan
+    files: list[tuple[str, str]] = [
+        (str(gp.entrypoint_script), GIT_GATE_ENTRYPOINT_IN_CONTAINER),
+        (str(gp.hook_script), GIT_GATE_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER),
+        (str(gp.access_hook_script), GIT_GATE_ACCESS_HOOK_IN_CONTAINER),
+    ]
+    for upstream in gp.upstreams:
+        files.append((
+            expand_tilde(upstream.identity_file),
+            f"{GIT_GATE_CREDS_DIR_IN_CONTAINER}/{upstream.name}-key",
+        ))
+        if upstream.known_hosts_file:
+            files.append((
+                str(upstream.known_hosts_file),
+                f"{GIT_GATE_CREDS_DIR_IN_CONTAINER}/{upstream.name}-known_hosts",
+            ))
+    return tuple(files)
+
+
+def _sidecar_run_argv(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    sidecar_name: str,
+    internal_network: str,
+    egress_network: str,
+) -> list[str]:
+    argv = [
+        "container", "run",
+        "--name", sidecar_name,
+        "--detach",
+        "--rm",
+        "--network", egress_network,
+        "--network", internal_network,
+        "--dns", _sidecar_dns(),
+        "--env", f"BOT_BOTTLE_SIDECAR_DAEMONS={','.join(_sidecar_daemons(plan))}",
+    ]
+    for entry in _sidecar_env_entries(plan):
+        argv += ["--env", entry]
+    for host_path, container_path, read_only in _sidecar_mounts(plan):
+        argv += ["--mount", _mount_spec(host_path, container_path, read_only)]
+    argv.append(SIDECAR_BUNDLE_IMAGE)
+    return argv
+
+
+def _agent_run_argv(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    internal_network: str,
+    sidecar_ip: str,
+) -> list[str]:
+    argv = [
+        "container", "run",
+        "--name", plan.container_name,
+        "--detach",
+        "--rm",
+        "--network", internal_network,
+    ]
+    for entry in _agent_env_entries(plan, sidecar_ip):
+        argv += ["--env", entry]
+    argv += [plan.image, "sleep", _AGENT_SLEEP_SECONDS]
+    return argv
+
+
+def _sidecar_dns() -> str:
+    return container_mod.dns_server()
+
+
+def _sidecar_daemons(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    daemons = ["egress"]
+    if plan.git_gate_plan.upstreams:
+        daemons += ["git-gate", "git-http"]
+    if plan.supervise_plan is not None:
+        daemons.append("supervise")
+    return tuple(daemons)
+
+
+def _sidecar_env_entries(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    env: list[str] = []
+    if plan.egress_plan.routes:
+        env.extend(sorted(plan.egress_plan.token_env_map.keys()))
+    if plan.git_gate_plan.upstreams:
+        env.append(f"BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE={_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE}")
+    if plan.supervise_plan is not None:
+        env += [
+            f"SUPERVISE_BOTTLE_SLUG={plan.slug}",
+            f"SUPERVISE_QUEUE_DIR={QUEUE_DIR_IN_CONTAINER}",
+            f"SUPERVISE_PORT={SUPERVISE_PORT}",
+        ]
+    return tuple(env)
+
+
+def _sidecar_mounts(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+) -> tuple[tuple[str, str, bool], ...]:
+    mounts: list[tuple[str, str, bool]] = []
+
+    ep = plan.egress_plan
+    mounts.append((
+        str(ep.mitmproxy_ca_host_path.parent),
+        str(Path(EGRESS_CA_IN_CONTAINER).parent),
+        False,
+    ))
+    if ep.routes:
+        mounts.append((
+            str(_stage_routes_dir(plan)),
+            str(Path(EGRESS_ROUTES_IN_CONTAINER).parent),
+            True,
+        ))
+
+    sp = plan.supervise_plan
+    if sp is not None:
+        mounts.append((str(sp.queue_dir), QUEUE_DIR_IN_CONTAINER, False))
+
+    return tuple(mounts)
+
+
+def _stage_routes_dir(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> Path:
+    routes_dir = plan.stage_dir / "macos-container-egress"
+    routes_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    shutil.copyfile(
+        plan.egress_plan.routes_path,
+        routes_dir / Path(EGRESS_ROUTES_IN_CONTAINER).name,
+    )
+    return routes_dir
+
+
+def _mount_spec(host_path: str, container_path: str, read_only: bool) -> str:
+    spec = f"type=bind,source={host_path},target={container_path}"
+    if read_only:
+        spec += ",readonly"
+    return spec
+
+
+def _agent_env_entries(
+    plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan,
+    sidecar_ip: str,
+) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    proxy_url = f"http://{sidecar_ip}:{EGRESS_PORT}"
+    no_proxy = _agent_no_proxy(plan, sidecar_ip)
+    env = [
+        f"HTTPS_PROXY={proxy_url}",
+        f"HTTP_PROXY={proxy_url}",
+        f"https_proxy={proxy_url}",
+        f"http_proxy={proxy_url}",
+        f"NO_PROXY={no_proxy}",
+        f"no_proxy={no_proxy}",
+        f"NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS={AGENT_CA_PATH}",
+        f"SSL_CERT_FILE={AGENT_CA_BUNDLE}",
+        f"REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE={AGENT_CA_BUNDLE}",
+    ]
+    if plan.agent_git_gate_url:
+        env.append(f"GIT_GATE_URL={plan.agent_git_gate_url}")
+    if plan.agent_supervise_url:
+        env.append(f"MCP_SUPERVISE_URL={plan.agent_supervise_url}")
+    for name, value in sorted(plan.agent_provision.guest_env.items()):
+        env.append(f"{name}={value}")
+    for name in sorted(plan.forwarded_env.keys()):
+        env.append(name)
+    return tuple(env)
+
+
+def _agent_no_proxy(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan, sidecar_ip: str) -> str:
+    hosts = ["localhost", "127.0.0.1", sidecar_ip]
+    return ",".join(hosts)

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/resolve_plan.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Prepare step for the macOS Apple Container backend."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ...agent_provider import AgentProvisionPlan
+from ...egress import EgressPlan
+from ...env import ResolvedEnv
+from ...git_gate import GitGatePlan
+from ...supervise import SupervisePlan
+from .. import BottleSpec
+from . import util as container_mod
+from .bottle_plan import MacosContainerBottlePlan
+
+
+def preflight() -> None:
+    container_mod.require_container()
+
+
+def build_guest_env(resolved_env: ResolvedEnv) -> dict[str, str]:
+    return dict(resolved_env.literals)
+
+
+def resolve_plan(
+    spec: BottleSpec,
+    slug: str,
+    resolved_env: ResolvedEnv,
+    agent_provision_plan: AgentProvisionPlan,
+    egress_plan: EgressPlan,
+    supervise_plan: SupervisePlan | None,
+    git_gate_plan: GitGatePlan,
+    stage_dir: Path,
+) -> MacosContainerBottlePlan:
+    return MacosContainerBottlePlan(
+        spec=spec,
+        stage_dir=stage_dir,
+        slug=slug,
+        forwarded_env=dict(resolved_env.forwarded),
+        git_gate_plan=git_gate_plan,
+        egress_plan=egress_plan,
+        supervise_plan=supervise_plan,
+        agent_provision=agent_provision_plan,
+    )

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+"""Host-side primitives for Apple's `container` CLI."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import ipaddress
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import time
+from typing import Iterable
+
+from ...log import die, info
+
+
+_CONTAINER = "container"
+_DEFAULT_DNS = "1.1.1.1"
+
+
+def is_macos() -> bool:
+    return platform.system() == "Darwin"
+
+
+def is_available() -> bool:
+    return is_macos() and shutil.which(_CONTAINER) is not None
+
+
+def require_container() -> None:
+    """Fail with an install pointer if Apple Container is unavailable."""
+    if not is_macos():
+        info("BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=macos-container requires macOS.")
+        die("macos-container backend is only supported on macOS")
+    if shutil.which(_CONTAINER) is None:
+        info("Apple Container is required but was not found on PATH.")
+        info("Install: https://github.com/apple/container/releases")
+        die("container not found")
+    _require_container_service()
+
+
+def _require_container_service() -> None:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "system", "status"],
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        info("Apple Container system service is not running.")
+        info("Start it with: container system start")
+        die("container system service not running")
+
+
+def dns_server() -> str:
+    override = os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS", "").strip()
+    if override:
+        return override
+    return _host_ipv4_dns() or _DEFAULT_DNS
+
+
+def build_image(ref: str, context: str, *, dockerfile: str = "") -> None:
+    """Build an OCI image with Apple's BuildKit-backed `container build`."""
+    info(
+        f"building image {ref} from {context} with Apple Container "
+        "(layer cache keeps repeat builds fast)"
+    )
+    _ensure_builder_dns()
+    args = [_CONTAINER, "build", "-t", ref, "--dns", dns_server()]
+    if dockerfile:
+        args.extend(["-f", dockerfile])
+    args.append(context)
+    subprocess.run(args, check=True)
+
+
+def _ensure_builder_dns() -> None:
+    dns = dns_server()
+    status = _builder_status()
+    override = os.environ.get("BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS", "").strip()
+    if _builder_running(status) and _builder_resolves_build_hosts():
+        if override and not _builder_has_dns(status, dns):
+            _restart_builder_with_dns(dns)
+        return
+    _restart_builder_with_dns(dns)
+
+
+def _restart_builder_with_dns(dns: str) -> None:
+    subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "builder", "stop"],
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "builder", "start", "--dns", dns],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+
+def _host_ipv4_dns() -> str:
+    if not is_macos():
+        return ""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["scutil", "--dns"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return ""
+    blocks: list[list[str]] = []
+    current: list[str] = []
+    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
+        if line.startswith("resolver #") and current:
+            blocks.append(current)
+            current = []
+        current.append(line)
+    if current:
+        blocks.append(current)
+    for direct_only in (True, False):
+        for block in blocks:
+            text = "\n".join(block)
+            if direct_only and "Directly Reachable Address" not in text:
+                continue
+            for line in block:
+                if "nameserver[" not in line or ":" not in line:
+                    continue
+                candidate = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+                if _usable_ipv4(candidate):
+                    return candidate
+    return ""
+
+
+def _usable_ipv4(value: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        address = ipaddress.ip_address(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+    return (
+        address.version == 4
+        and not address.is_loopback
+        and not address.is_link_local
+        and not address.is_multicast
+        and not address.is_unspecified
+    )
+
+
+def _builder_status() -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "builder", "status", "--format", "json"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return []
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(result.stdout or "[]")
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(data, list):
+        return [entry for entry in data if isinstance(entry, dict)]
+    if isinstance(data, dict):
+        return [data]
+    return []
+
+
+def _builder_running(status: list[dict[str, object]]) -> bool:
+    for entry in status:
+        entry_status = entry.get("status")
+        if isinstance(entry_status, dict) and entry_status.get("state") == "running":
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _builder_dns_nameservers(status: list[dict[str, object]]) -> list[str]:
+    out: list[str] = []
+    for entry in status:
+        config = entry.get("configuration")
+        config_dns = config.get("dns") if isinstance(config, dict) else None
+        nameservers = (
+            config_dns.get("nameservers")
+            if isinstance(config_dns, dict)
+            else None
+        )
+        if not isinstance(nameservers, list):
+            continue
+        out.extend(name for name in nameservers if isinstance(name, str))
+    return out
+
+
+def _builder_has_dns(status: list[dict[str, object]], dns: str) -> bool:
+    return dns in _builder_dns_nameservers(status)
+
+
+def _builder_resolves_build_hosts() -> bool:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "exec", "buildkit", "getent", "hosts", "deb.debian.org"],
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    return result.returncode == 0
+
+
+def image_exists(ref: str) -> bool:
+    return _silent_run([_CONTAINER, "image", "inspect", ref]) == 0
+
+
+def container_exists(name: str) -> bool:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "list", "--all", "--quiet"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return False
+    return name in {line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines()}
+
+
+def force_remove_container(name: str) -> None:
+    if container_exists(name):
+        subprocess.run(
+            [_CONTAINER, "delete", "--force", name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )
+
+
+def copy_into_container(name: str, host_path: str, container_path: str) -> None:
+    cmd = [_CONTAINER, "cp", host_path, f"{name}:{container_path}"]
+    result = _run_container_op(cmd)
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container cp into {name}:{container_path} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+
+
+def exec_container(name: str, argv: list[str]) -> None:
+    result = _run_container_op([_CONTAINER, "exec", name, *argv])
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container exec in {name} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+
+
+def _run_container_op(cmd: list[str]) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        cmd,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    for _ in range(19):
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            return result
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    return result
+
+
+def create_network(name: str, *, internal: bool = False) -> None:
+    args = [
+        _CONTAINER, "network", "create",
+        "--label", "bot-bottle.backend=macos-container",
+    ]
+    if internal:
+        args.append("--internal")
+    args.append(name)
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        args, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode == 0:
+        return
+    if "already exists" in (result.stderr or "").lower():
+        return
+    die(
+        f"container network create {name} failed: "
+        f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+    )
+
+
+def remove_network(name: str) -> None:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "network", "delete", name],
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        return
+
+
+def inspect_container(name: str) -> dict[str, object]:
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "inspect", name],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container inspect {name} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(result.stdout or "[]")
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        die(f"container inspect {name} returned malformed JSON: {exc}")
+    if isinstance(data, list) and data and isinstance(data[0], dict):
+        return data[0]
+    if isinstance(data, dict):
+        return data
+    die(f"container inspect {name} returned an unexpected shape")
+    raise AssertionError("unreachable")
+
+
+def container_ipv4_on_network(name: str, network: str) -> str:
+    data = inspect_container(name)
+    status = data.get("status")
+    networks = status.get("networks") if isinstance(status, dict) else None
+    if not isinstance(networks, list):
+        die(f"container inspect {name} did not include status.networks")
+    for entry in networks:
+        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
+            continue
+        if entry.get("network") != network:
+            continue
+        raw = entry.get("ipv4Address")
+        if not isinstance(raw, str) or not raw:
+            die(f"container {name} has no IPv4 address on {network}")
+        return raw.split("/", 1)[0]
+    die(f"container {name} is not attached to network {network}")
+    raise AssertionError("unreachable")
+
+
+def image_id(ref: str) -> str:
+    """Return the image digest/ID from `container image inspect`.
+
+    The command returns JSON on current Apple Container releases. Keep
+    parsing narrow and fatal so callers do not cache on an empty key.
+    """
+    import json
+
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        [_CONTAINER, "image", "inspect", ref],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        die(
+            f"container image inspect for {ref!r} failed: "
+            f"{(result.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
+        )
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(result.stdout or "{}")
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        die(f"container image inspect for {ref!r} returned malformed JSON: {exc}")
+    if isinstance(data, list) and data:
+        data = data[0]
+    if isinstance(data, dict):
+        value = data.get("id") or data.get("digest") or data.get("ID")
+        if value:
+            return str(value)
+    die(f"container image inspect for {ref!r} did not include an image id")
+    raise AssertionError("unreachable")
+
+
+def save(ref: str, output: str) -> None:
+    subprocess.run([_CONTAINER, "image", "save", ref, "-o", output], check=True)
+
+
+def _silent_run(cmd: Iterable[str]) -> int:
+    return subprocess.run(
+        list(cmd),
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        check=False,
+    ).returncode

bot_bottle/cli/start.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def cmd_start(argv: list[str]) -> int:
         default=None,
         help=(
             "backend to launch the bottle on (default: $BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND "
-            "or 'smolmachines'). Overrides the env var when set."
+            "or host auto-selection). Overrides the env var when set."
         ),
     )
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ def prepare_with_preflight(
     injected callable, prompt y/N via the injected callable.
 
     `backend_name` selects which backend prepares the plan
-    (`None` → `$BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND` → `smolmachines`). The CLI passes
+    (`None` → `$BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND` → host auto-selection). The CLI
-    whatever `--backend` resolved to.
+    passes whatever `--backend` resolved to.
 
     Returns `(plan, identity)`. `plan` is None on dry-run or
     operator-N, but `identity` is set as soon as `backend.prepare`

bot_bottle/contrib/claude/Dockerfile

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
 # build (`claude --version` returns 2.1.126). Bump deliberately when
 # rolling forward; an unpinned install would mean rebuilds silently pick
 # up new behavior.
-RUN npm install -g --no-fund --no-audit @anthropic-ai/claude-code@2.1.126 \
+RUN npm install -g --no-fund --no-audit @anthropic-ai/claude-code@2.1.172 \
   && npm cache clean --force
 
 # Run as a non-root user. The node image already provides a `node` user

bot_bottle/contrib/gitea/deploy_key_provisioner.py

@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@
 
 Generates ed25519 keypairs via `ssh-keygen` and registers / deletes
 them using the Gitea deploy-key HTTP API. No new Python dependencies —
-only stdlib `urllib.request` and `subprocess`."""
+only stdlib `urllib.request` and `subprocess`.
+
+Required token permissions (Gitea "Applications" → "Generate Token"):
+  - Repository: Read & Write
+    Grants POST /api/v1/repos/{owner}/{repo}/keys (create deploy key)
+    and DELETE /api/v1/repos/{owner}/{repo}/keys/{id} (revoke deploy key).
+    No other scopes are needed."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 

bot_bottle/git_gate.py

@@ -300,6 +300,8 @@ while IFS=' ' read -r old new ref; do
   [ -z "$ref" ] && continue
   if [ "$new" = "$zero" ]; then
     refspec=":$ref"
+  elif [ "$old" != "$zero" ] && ! git merge-base --is-ancestor "$old" "$new" 2>/dev/null; then
+    refspec="+$new:$ref"
   else
     refspec="$new:$ref"
   fi
@@ -387,13 +389,12 @@ def _provision_dynamic_key(
     Returns the host-side path to the private key file so the caller
     can inject it into the GitGateUpstream as `identity_file`."""
     from .deploy_key_provisioner import get_provisioner
-    pk = entry.ProvisionedKey
+    pk = entry.Key
-    assert pk is not None
+    token = os.environ.get(pk.forge_token_env)
-    token = os.environ.get(pk.token_env)
     if token is None:
         raise RuntimeError(
-            f"git-gate.repos[{entry.Name!r}] provisioned_key.token_env"
+            f"git-gate.repos[{entry.Name!r}] key.forge_token_env"
-            f" = {pk.token_env!r}: env var is not set"
+            f" = {pk.forge_token_env!r}: env var is not set"
         )
     api_url = pk.api_url or f"https://{entry.UpstreamHost}"
     provisioner = get_provisioner(pk.provider, token, api_url)
@@ -426,18 +427,18 @@ def revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys(bottle: ManifestBottle, stage_dir: Path) ->
     address manually."""
     from .deploy_key_provisioner import get_provisioner
     for entry in bottle.git:
-        if entry.ProvisionedKey is None:
+        if entry.Key.provider != "gitea":
             continue
-        pk = entry.ProvisionedKey
+        pk = entry.Key
         id_file = stage_dir / f"{entry.Name}-deploy-key-id"
         if not id_file.exists():
             continue
         key_id = id_file.read_text().strip()
-        token = os.environ.get(pk.token_env)
+        token = os.environ.get(pk.forge_token_env)
         if token is None:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                f"git-gate.repos[{entry.Name!r}] provisioned_key.token_env"
+                f"git-gate.repos[{entry.Name!r}] key.forge_token_env"
-                f" = {pk.token_env!r}: env var is not set;"
+                f" = {pk.forge_token_env!r}: env var is not set;"
                 f" cannot revoke deploy key {key_id}"
             )
         api_url = pk.api_url or f"https://{entry.UpstreamHost}"
@@ -450,6 +451,14 @@ def revoke_git_gate_provisioned_keys(bottle: ManifestBottle, stage_dir: Path) ->
         info(f"revoked deploy key {key_id} for git-gate.repos[{entry.Name!r}]")
 
 
+def _resolve_identity_file(entry: ManifestGitEntry, slug: str, stage_dir: Path) -> str:
+    """Return the host-side SSH identity file path for this entry.
+    For gitea entries, provisions a fresh deploy key first."""
+    if entry.Key.provider == "gitea":
+        return _provision_dynamic_key(entry, slug, stage_dir)
+    return entry.IdentityFile
+
+
 class GitGate(ABC):
     """The per-agent git-gate. Encapsulates the host-side prepare
     (upstream lift + entrypoint/hook render); the sidecar's
@@ -461,7 +470,7 @@ class GitGate(ABC):
         entrypoint, pre-receive hook, and access-hook scripts (mode
         600) under `stage_dir`. Pure host-side, no docker subprocess.
 
-        For `provisioned_key` entries, also generates and registers
+        For `gitea` key entries, also generates and registers
         a fresh deploy key via the forge API and writes the private key
         + key ID to `stage_dir`.
 
@@ -470,11 +479,10 @@ class GitGate(ABC):
         before passing the plan to `.start`."""
         upstreams_list = list(git_gate_upstreams_for_bottle(bottle))
         for i, entry in enumerate(bottle.git):
-            if entry.ProvisionedKey is not None:
+            upstreams_list[i] = dataclasses.replace(
-                key_file = _provision_dynamic_key(entry, slug, stage_dir)
+                upstreams_list[i],
-                upstreams_list[i] = dataclasses.replace(
+                identity_file=_resolve_identity_file(entry, slug, stage_dir),
-                    upstreams_list[i], identity_file=key_file
+            )
-                )
         upstreams = tuple(upstreams_list)
         entrypoint = stage_dir / "git_gate_entrypoint.sh"
         entrypoint.write_text(git_gate_render_entrypoint(upstreams))

bot_bottle/manifest.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ from .manifest_egress import (
     ManifestEgressConfig,
     ManifestEgressRoute,
 )
-from .manifest_git import ManifestGitEntry, ManifestGitUser, parse_git_gate_config
+from .manifest_git import ManifestGitEntry, ManifestGitUser, ManifestKeyConfig, parse_git_gate_config
 from .manifest_schema import BOTTLE_KEYS
 
 # Re-export everything that callers currently import from this module.
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "ManifestError",
     "ManifestGitEntry",
     "ManifestGitUser",
+    "ManifestKeyConfig",
     "ManifestAgentProvider",
     "EGRESS_AUTH_SCHEMES",
     "ManifestEgressRoute",

bot_bottle/manifest_git.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
 
 from .manifest_util import ManifestError, as_json_object
 
@@ -13,6 +12,8 @@ from .manifest_util import ManifestError, as_json_object
 # defence; this regex is belt-and-suspenders and documents intent).
 _GIT_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$")
 
+_KEY_PROVIDERS = {"static", "gitea"}
+
 
 def _opt_str(value: object, label: str) -> str:
     if value is None:
@@ -69,20 +70,22 @@ def validate_unique_git_names(bottle_name: str, git: tuple[ManifestGitEntry, ...
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
-class ManifestProvisionedKeyConfig:
+class ManifestKeyConfig:
-    """Configuration for automatic deploy-key lifecycle management
+    """Configuration for a repo's SSH key in git-gate.repos.
-    (PRD 0048). Used when a git-gate.repos entry opts out of a
-    static identity file and instead wants a fresh SSH keypair
-    generated at spin-up and revoked at teardown.
 
-    `provider` names the contrib sub-package to load (e.g. `gitea`).
+    `provider` is either `"static"` (a pre-existing key on the host) or
-    `token_env` is the name of a host-side env var carrying the API
+    `"gitea"` (automatic deploy-key lifecycle via the Gitea API).
-    token; the value is read at provision time, never stored on the
+
-    plan. `api_url` is the forge's HTTP API root; if empty, it is
+    For `static`: `path` is the host-side absolute path to the SSH private key.
-    derived from the upstream URL's host at provision time."""
+
+    For `gitea`: `forge_token_env` is the name of a host-side env var
+    carrying the Gitea API token; the value is read at provision time,
+    never stored on the plan. `api_url` is the forge's HTTP API root; if
+    empty, it is derived from the upstream URL's host at provision time."""
 
     provider: str
-    token_env: str
+    path: str = ""
+    forge_token_env: str = ""
     api_url: str = ""
 
 
@@ -99,15 +102,16 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
     stashed in the `Upstream*` fields so the git-gate render step
     doesn't have to re-parse.
 
-    Manifest source: `git-gate.repos.<Name>` (PRD 0047/0048). Exactly
+    Manifest source: `git-gate.repos.<Name>` (PRD 0047/0048). A `key`
-    one of `identity` (static key path) or `provisioned_key` (automatic
+    block is required; `key.provider` is `"static"` or `"gitea"`. For
-    lifecycle) must be present. The internal field names are stable."""
+    `static`, `IdentityFile` is populated at parse time from `key.path`.
+    For `gitea`, `IdentityFile` is populated at provision time."""
 
     Name: str
     Upstream: str
+    Key: ManifestKeyConfig = ManifestKeyConfig(provider="")
     IdentityFile: str = ""
     KnownHostKey: str = ""
-    ProvisionedKey: Optional[ManifestProvisionedKeyConfig] = None
     RemoteKey: str = ""
     UpstreamUser: str = ""
     UpstreamHost: str = ""
@@ -120,8 +124,8 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
     ) -> "ManifestGitEntry":
         """Parse one entry from `git-gate.repos.<repo_name>`.
 
-        YAML keys: `url` (required), exactly one of `identity` or
+        YAML keys: `url` (required), `key` (required object with
-        `provisioned_key` (required), `host_key` (optional).
+        `provider`, and provider-specific fields), `host_key` (optional).
         The repo_name becomes `Name`."""
         if not repo_name:
             raise ManifestError(
@@ -135,10 +139,10 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
         label = f"git-gate.repos[{repo_name!r}]"
         d = as_json_object(raw, f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}")
         for k in d:
-            if k not in {"url", "identity", "provisioned_key", "host_key"}:
+            if k not in {"url", "key", "host_key"}:
                 raise ManifestError(
                     f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} has unknown key {k!r}; "
-                    f"allowed: url, identity, provisioned_key, host_key"
+                    f"allowed: url, key, host_key"
                 )
         upstream = d.get("url")
         if not isinstance(upstream, str) or not upstream:
@@ -146,32 +150,13 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
                 f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} missing required string field 'url'"
             )
 
-        has_identity = "identity" in d
+        if "key" not in d:
-        has_provisioned = "provisioned_key" in d
-        if has_identity and has_provisioned:
             raise ManifestError(
-                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} must set exactly one of "
+                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} missing required 'key' block"
-                f"'identity' or 'provisioned_key'; got both."
-            )
-        if not has_identity and not has_provisioned:
-            raise ManifestError(
-                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} must set exactly one of "
-                f"'identity' or 'provisioned_key'; got neither."
             )
+        key_config = _parse_key_config(bottle_name, label, d["key"])
 
-        ident = ""
+        ident = key_config.path if key_config.provider == "static" else ""
-        provisioned_key: Optional[ManifestProvisionedKeyConfig] = None
-        if has_identity:
-            raw_ident = d.get("identity")
-            if not isinstance(raw_ident, str) or not raw_ident:
-                raise ManifestError(
-                    f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label} 'identity' must be a non-empty string"
-                )
-            ident = raw_ident
-        else:
-            provisioned_key = _parse_provisioned_key_config(
-                bottle_name, label, d["provisioned_key"]
-            )
 
         khk = _opt_str(
             d.get("host_key"),
@@ -183,9 +168,9 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
         return cls(
             Name=repo_name,
             Upstream=upstream,
+            Key=key_config,
             IdentityFile=ident,
             KnownHostKey=khk,
-            ProvisionedKey=provisioned_key,
             RemoteKey=host,
             UpstreamUser=user,
             UpstreamHost=host,
@@ -194,38 +179,60 @@ class ManifestGitEntry:
         )
 
 
-def _parse_provisioned_key_config(
+def _parse_key_config(
     bottle_name: str, label: str, raw: object
-) -> ManifestProvisionedKeyConfig:
+) -> ManifestKeyConfig:
-    d = as_json_object(raw, f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.provisioned_key")
+    d = as_json_object(raw, f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key")
-    for k in d:
-        if k not in {"provider", "token_env", "api_url"}:
-            raise ManifestError(
-                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.provisioned_key has unknown key {k!r}; "
-                f"allowed: provider, token_env, api_url"
-            )
     provider = d.get("provider")
     if not isinstance(provider, str) or not provider:
         raise ManifestError(
-            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.provisioned_key missing required "
+            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key missing required "
             f"string field 'provider'"
         )
-    token_env = d.get("token_env")
+    if provider not in _KEY_PROVIDERS:
-    if not isinstance(token_env, str) or not token_env:
         raise ManifestError(
-            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.provisioned_key missing required "
+            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key provider {provider!r} is unknown; "
-            f"string field 'token_env'"
+            f"allowed: {', '.join(sorted(_KEY_PROVIDERS))}"
         )
-    api_url_raw = d.get("api_url", "")
+
-    if not isinstance(api_url_raw, str):
+    if provider == "gitea":
+        for k in d:
+            if k not in {"provider", "forge_token_env", "api_url"}:
+                raise ManifestError(
+                    f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key has unknown key {k!r} "
+                    f"for provider 'gitea'; allowed: provider, forge_token_env, api_url"
+                )
+        forge_token_env = d.get("forge_token_env")
+        if not isinstance(forge_token_env, str) or not forge_token_env:
+            raise ManifestError(
+                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key missing required "
+                f"string field 'forge_token_env' for provider 'gitea'"
+            )
+        api_url_raw = d.get("api_url", "")
+        if not isinstance(api_url_raw, str):
+            raise ManifestError(
+                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key 'api_url' must be a string"
+            )
+        return ManifestKeyConfig(
+            provider=provider,
+            forge_token_env=forge_token_env,
+            api_url=api_url_raw,
+        )
+
+    # provider == "static"
+    for k in d:
+        if k not in {"provider", "path"}:
+            raise ManifestError(
+                f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key has unknown key {k!r} "
+                f"for provider 'static'; allowed: provider, path"
+            )
+    path = d.get("path")
+    if not isinstance(path, str) or not path:
         raise ManifestError(
-            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.provisioned_key 'api_url' must be a string"
+            f"bottle '{bottle_name}' {label}.key missing required "
+            f"string field 'path' for provider 'static'"
         )
-    return ManifestProvisionedKeyConfig(
+    return ManifestKeyConfig(provider=provider, path=path)
-        provider=provider,
-        token_env=token_env,
-        api_url=api_url_raw,
-    )
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)

bot_bottle/sidecar_init.py

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ class _DaemonSpec:
 # reads to inject `Authorization` headers on configured routes;
 # no other daemon in the bundle should see these values.
 _EGRESS_ONLY_ENV_PREFIXES: tuple[str, ...] = ("EGRESS_TOKEN_",)
+_READY_GATED_DAEMONS: tuple[str, ...] = ("git-gate", "git-http")
 
 
 def _env_for_daemon(name: str, base_env: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
@@ -82,6 +83,22 @@ _DAEMONS: tuple[_DaemonSpec, ...] = (
 )
 
 
+def _argv_for_daemon(name: str, argv: Sequence[str], env: dict[str, str]) -> list[str]:
+    ready_file = env.get("BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE", "").strip()
+    if name not in _READY_GATED_DAEMONS or not ready_file:
+        return list(argv)
+    return [
+        "/bin/sh",
+        "-c",
+        "while [ ! -f \"$BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE\" ]; do "
+        "sleep 0.1; "
+        "done; "
+        "exec \"$@\"",
+        name,
+        *argv,
+    ]
+
+
 def _selected_daemons(
     env: dict[str, str],
     all_daemons: Sequence[_DaemonSpec] | None = None,
@@ -118,12 +135,13 @@ def _pump(name: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
 
 
 def _spawn(spec: _DaemonSpec) -> subprocess.Popen[bytes]:
+    env = _env_for_daemon(spec.name, dict(os.environ))
     proc = subprocess.Popen(
-        list(spec.argv),
+        _argv_for_daemon(spec.name, spec.argv, env),
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
         bufsize=0,
-        env=_env_for_daemon(spec.name, dict(os.environ)),
+        env=env,
     )
     threading.Thread(
         target=_pump, args=(spec.name, proc.stdout), daemon=True

docs/prds/0059-macos-container-backend.md

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+# PRD 0059: macOS Container backend
+
+- **Status:** Active
+- **Author:** Codex
+- **Created:** 2026-06-10
+- **Issue:** #220
+
+## Summary
+
+Add a `macos-container` backend that integrates Apple's `container`
+CLI as a host runtime on macOS. The shipped slices register the
+backend, implement reusable host primitives (`build`, `exec`, `cp`,
+image inspection, cleanup, active enumeration), make launch runnable
+with the proven two-network sidecar topology, and add real-runtime
+coverage without weakening bot-bottle's sidecar egress model.
+
+## Problem
+
+bot-bottle currently has two local execution paths:
+
+- `docker`, which runs the whole bottle topology through Docker
+  Compose.
+- `smolmachines`, which runs the agent in smolvm but still depends on
+  Docker for the sidecar bundle and image-building pipeline.
+
+Issue #220 explored removing Docker as a host dependency. A follow-up
+review comment verified that smolvm can publish guest ports back to
+host loopback and that another smolvm guest can reach that service
+through the existing per-bottle loopback alias plus `--allow-cidr`
+path. That keeps the VM-contained sidecar direction viable and rejects
+the host-process sidecar fallback.
+
+Apple's `container` CLI is another macOS-native way to run OCI images
+as lightweight Linux VMs. Its current command surface includes
+Docker-like `build`, `run`, `exec`, `cp`, port publishing, image
+inspection, and user-defined networks. That makes it a plausible local
+backend, but it does not remove the need to preserve bot-bottle's
+sidecar enforcement property: the agent must not have a direct egress
+path around the egress sidecar.
+
+## Goals / Success Criteria
+
+- `--backend=macos-container` and
+  `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND=macos-container` are accepted by the existing
+  backend selector.
+- Compatible macOS hosts default to `macos-container` when
+  `BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND` and `--backend` are both unset.
+- Backend availability is true only on macOS hosts with `container` on
+  `PATH`.
+- The backend has tested wrappers for Apple Container image build,
+  image inspection, container `exec`, container `cp`, cleanup, and
+  active-agent enumeration.
+- Full launch uses a host-only internal network for the agent and a
+  separate NAT egress network for the sidecar bundle.
+- The agent container does not attach to the egress network. It reaches
+  allowed outbound hosts through HTTP(S)_PROXY pointing at the
+  sidecar's internal-network IP.
+- `bottle.git` / git-gate bottles fail loudly on this backend until a
+  safe Apple Container key-delivery path exists.
+- Real-runtime integration coverage is present and guarded by macOS and
+  Apple Container availability.
+
+## Non-goals
+
+- Do not remove or deprecate the Docker backend.
+- Do not remove or deprecate the smolmachines backend.
+- Do not run sidecar daemons as host processes.
+- Do not launch a degraded backend where the agent can bypass the
+  egress sidecar through direct network access.
+- Do not require Docker Desktop as part of the macOS Container backend.
+
+## Design
+
+### Backend name
+
+The selectable backend name is `macos-container`. The Python package
+uses `bot_bottle.backend.macos_container` because module names cannot
+contain hyphens.
+
+### Availability and preflight
+
+`MacosContainerBottleBackend.is_available()` returns true only when:
+
+- `platform.system() == "Darwin"`
+- `container` is discoverable on `PATH`
+
+`prepare()` calls `require_container()`, which produces a concrete
+install pointer and rejects non-macOS hosts.
+
+### Implemented primitives
+
+The backend owns an Apple Container wrapper module instead of reusing
+Docker wrappers. The wrapper maps bot-bottle's backend needs to
+Apple's CLI:
+
+| bot-bottle need | Apple Container command |
+|---|---|
+| Build provider image | `container build -t <ref> [-f Dockerfile] <context>` |
+| Run agent commands | `container exec [--interactive --tty] <id> ...` |
+| Copy files into guest | `container cp <host> <id>:<path>` |
+| Inspect image identity | `container image inspect <ref>` |
+| Cleanup stale containers | `container delete --force <id>` |
+| Cleanup stale networks | `container network delete <name>` |
+| Active enumeration | `container list --quiet` |
+
+The bottle handle mirrors `DockerBottle`: it builds a host argv for
+foreground agent execution, pipes shell snippets through stdin for
+`Bottle.exec`, and exposes `cp_in` for provisioning.
+
+### Launch topology
+
+`launch()` uses Apple Container's two-network topology:
+
+- create a host-only internal network for the bottle;
+- create a normal NAT egress network for the sidecar bundle;
+- start the sidecar bundle attached to the egress network first and the
+  internal network second;
+- discover the sidecar's internal-network IPv4 address from
+  `container inspect`;
+- start the agent attached only to the internal network, with
+  HTTP_PROXY / HTTPS_PROXY / lowercase proxy vars pointing at the
+  sidecar IP and egress port.
+
+This keeps the agent off the outbound network while preserving the
+proxy-env contract that existing agent tooling already honors. The
+integration smoke also removes the proxy env in-guest and confirms
+direct egress fails.
+
+### Deferred git-gate support
+
+Apple Container currently rejects single-file bind mounts, and
+`container cp` into a stopped container is not available. Starting the
+container earlier would allow `container cp` into a running container,
+but it would also mean delivering SSH private key material into a live
+sidecar before the git-gate daemon is ready to own it. Mounting broad
+host SSH directories is not acceptable.
+
+For this PRD, `bottle.git` / git-gate support is explicitly deferred on
+the `macos-container` backend. Bottles with git-gate upstreams fail
+loudly and should use `docker` or `smolmachines` until a narrower key
+delivery design lands.
+
+## Implementation chunks
+
+1. Register `macos-container`, add availability/preflight, bottle
+   handle, utility wrappers, cleanup, active enumeration, unit tests,
+   and this PRD.
+2. Spike Apple Container networking against real macOS 26 hosts:
+   repeated `--network`, internal network egress behavior, published
+   loopback reachability from another container, DNS behavior, and
+   labels/JSON output stability.
+3. Implement launch once the enforcement shape is proven. Reuse the
+   existing sidecar bundle image and daemon subset env contract where
+   possible.
+4. Add real-runtime integration tests guarded by `container` presence
+   and macOS version.
+5. Consider moving smolmachines sidecar/image-building work to
+   VM-contained or Apple Container-backed execution only after the
+   `macos-container` launch path is trustworthy.
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+- Unit tests cover backend registration through `known_backend_names`.
+- Unit tests cover availability/preflight behavior without requiring
+  macOS.
+- Unit tests cover `MacosContainerBottle` command construction and
+  stdin-based shell execution.
+- Unit tests cover cleanup and active enumeration parsing.
+- Unit tests cover launch argv/env construction, sidecar mount
+  staging, sidecar IP parsing, and git-gate rejection.
+- Integration tests run on macOS hosts with Apple Container installed
+  and verify that egress cannot bypass the sidecar. They also preflight
+  Apple Container BuildKit DNS because image builds must resolve
+  package mirrors before a launch smoke can be meaningful. The backend
+  probes the running builder before image builds and leaves it alone
+  when its current resolver works. If the probe fails, or if the
+  operator explicitly sets `BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS`, the backend
+  restarts the Apple Container builder with the configured DNS server.
+  Without an explicit override, that server is discovered from the
+  host's directly reachable IPv4 resolver before falling back to a
+  public resolver.
+
+## References
+
+- [Issue #220 review comment](https://gitea.dideric.is/didericis/bot-bottle/issues/220#issuecomment-1980):
+  smolvm `--port/-p` can expose a guest service to host loopback, and
+  another smolvm guest can reach it through the existing per-bottle
+  loopback alias path.
+- Apple Container command reference: `container run`, `build`, `exec`,
+  port publishing, and network commands.

docs/research/apple-container-networking-spike.md

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+# Apple Container networking spike
+
+Issue: https://gitea.dideric.is/didericis/bot-bottle/issues/230
+
+## Summary
+
+Apple Container 1.0.0 on macOS 26 can support the core two-network
+sidecar shape, but not as a drop-in Docker Compose clone.
+
+The viable shape is:
+
+- agent container on one `--internal` host-only network;
+- sidecar bundle container on both the NAT egress network and the
+  host-only agent network;
+- sidecar network flags ordered with the NAT network first, because
+  Apple Container chooses the first network as the default route;
+- explicit DNS on the sidecar, because the tested NAT gateway routed
+  packets but did not resolve DNS;
+- agent talks to sidecar by the sidecar's host-only-network IP, not by
+  container name or host-published loopback alias.
+
+This is enough to unblock a cautious `macos-container` launch spike if
+the backend records inspect-derived IPs and avoids depending on Docker
+Compose-style aliases. It is not enough to reuse the Docker backend's
+service-name assumptions unchanged.
+
+## Local Environment
+
+Tested on 2026-06-10:
+
+```console
+$ sw_vers
+ProductName:		macOS
+ProductVersion:		26.5.1
+BuildVersion:		25F80
+
+$ uname -m
+arm64
+
+$ container --version
+container CLI version 1.0.0 (build: release, commit: ee848e3)
+
+$ container system version --format json
+[
+  {
+    "appName": "container",
+    "buildType": "release",
+    "commit": "ee848e3ebfd7c73b04dd419683be54fb450b8779",
+    "version": "1.0.0"
+  },
+  {
+    "appName": "container-apiserver",
+    "buildType": "release",
+    "commit": "ee848e3ebfd7c73b04dd419683be54fb450b8779",
+    "version": "container-apiserver version 1.0.0 (build: release, commit: ee848e3)"
+  }
+]
+
+$ container system status --format json
+{
+  "apiServerAppName": "container-apiserver",
+  "apiServerBuild": "release",
+  "apiServerCommit": "ee848e3ebfd7c73b04dd419683be54fb450b8779",
+  "apiServerVersion": "container-apiserver version 1.0.0 (build: release, commit: ee848e3)",
+  "appRoot": "/Users/didericis/Library/Application Support/com.apple.container/",
+  "installRoot": "/usr/local/",
+  "status": "running"
+}
+```
+
+Apple Container was installed from the official signed 1.0.0 GitHub
+release package, `container-1.0.0-installer-signed.pkg`. The package was
+signed by `Developer ID Installer: Apple Inc. - Containerization
+(UPBK2H6LZM)` and notarized by Apple.
+
+## Commands Run
+
+Create the networks:
+
+```bash
+container network create bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --internal \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking
+
+container network create bb-spike-230-egress \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking
+```
+
+`container network inspect bb-spike-230-agent bb-spike-230-egress`
+showed:
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "configuration": {
+      "labels": {"bot-bottle.spike": "apple-container-networking"},
+      "mode": "hostOnly",
+      "name": "bb-spike-230-agent",
+      "plugin": "container-network-vmnet"
+    },
+    "id": "bb-spike-230-agent",
+    "status": {
+      "ipv4Gateway": "192.168.128.1",
+      "ipv4Subnet": "192.168.128.0/24"
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "configuration": {
+      "labels": {"bot-bottle.spike": "apple-container-networking"},
+      "mode": "nat",
+      "name": "bb-spike-230-egress",
+      "plugin": "container-network-vmnet"
+    },
+    "id": "bb-spike-230-egress",
+    "status": {
+      "ipv4Gateway": "192.168.66.1",
+      "ipv4Subnet": "192.168.66.0/24"
+    }
+  }
+]
+```
+
+Repeated `--network` flags are accepted. With the agent network first,
+the sidecar got two interfaces but the default route pointed at the
+host-only gateway, so egress failed:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230-sidecar \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking \
+  --network bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --network bb-spike-230-egress \
+  --detach --rm docker.io/python:alpine \
+  sh -c 'mkdir -p /srv && printf ok >/srv/index.html && cd /srv && python3 -m http.server 80 --bind 0.0.0.0'
+
+container exec bb-spike-230-sidecar sh -c 'ip route && cat /etc/resolv.conf'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+default via 192.168.128.1 dev eth0
+192.168.66.0/24 dev eth1 scope link src 192.168.66.3
+192.168.128.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 192.168.128.3
+nameserver 192.168.128.1
+```
+
+With the NAT network first and explicit DNS, the sidecar can egress:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230-sidecar \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking \
+  --network bb-spike-230-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --dns 1.1.1.1 \
+  --detach docker.io/python:alpine \
+  sh -c 'mkdir -p /srv && printf ok >/srv/index.html && cd /srv && python3 -m http.server 80 --bind 0.0.0.0'
+
+container exec bb-spike-230-sidecar sh -c 'ip route; cat /etc/resolv.conf; wget -T 8 -O- https://example.com'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+default via 192.168.66.1 dev eth0
+192.168.66.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 192.168.66.5
+192.168.128.0/24 dev eth1 scope link src 192.168.128.7
+nameserver 1.1.1.1
+Connecting to example.com (172.66.147.243:443)
+... 100%
+```
+
+Start an agent only on the host-only network:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking \
+  --network bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --detach docker.io/alpine:latest sleep 600
+```
+
+Agent network probes:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230-agent sh -c '
+  ip route
+  cat /etc/resolv.conf
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://192.168.128.7
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://bb-spike-230-sidecar || true
+  ping -c 2 1.1.1.1 || true
+  wget -T 5 -O- https://example.com || true
+'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+default via 192.168.128.1 dev eth0
+192.168.128.0/24 dev eth0 scope link src 192.168.128.8
+nameserver 192.168.128.1
+Connecting to 192.168.128.7 (192.168.128.7:80)
+ok
+wget: bad address 'bb-spike-230-sidecar'
+2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
+wget: bad address 'example.com'
+```
+
+Host-published loopback aliases work and are constrained to the bound
+alias on the host:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230-sidecar-alias \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=apple-container-networking \
+  --network bb-spike-230-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230-agent \
+  --dns 1.1.1.1 \
+  --publish 127.0.0.31:18080:80 \
+  --detach docker.io/python:alpine \
+  sh -c 'mkdir -p /srv && printf ok >/srv/index.html && cd /srv && python3 -m http.server 80 --bind 0.0.0.0'
+
+curl -fsS --max-time 5 http://127.0.0.31:18080
+curl -fsS --max-time 5 http://127.0.0.1:18080
+lsof -nP -iTCP:18080 -sTCP:LISTEN
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+$ curl -fsS --max-time 5 http://127.0.0.31:18080
+ok
+
+$ curl -fsS --max-time 5 http://127.0.0.1:18080
+curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 18080 after 0 ms: Couldn't connect to server
+
+$ lsof -nP -iTCP:18080 -sTCP:LISTEN
+COMMAND     PID      USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
+container 17908 didericis   25u  IPv4 ...    0t0  TCP 127.0.0.31:18080 (LISTEN)
+```
+
+The guest cannot reach that host loopback-published listener through
+the host-only gateway or through its own loopback address:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230-agent sh -c '
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://192.168.128.10
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://192.168.128.1:18080 || true
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://127.0.0.31:18080 || true
+  wget -T 5 -O- http://bb-spike-230-sidecar-alias || true
+'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+Connecting to 192.168.128.10 (192.168.128.10:80)
+ok
+Connecting to 192.168.128.1:18080 (192.168.128.1:18080)
+wget: can't connect to remote host (192.168.128.1): Connection refused
+Connecting to 127.0.0.31:18080 (127.0.0.31:18080)
+wget: can't connect to remote host (127.0.0.31): Connection refused
+wget: bad address 'bb-spike-230-sidecar-alias'
+```
+
+## Answers
+
+### 1. Does `container network create --internal` prevent outbound internet access?
+
+Yes in this run. `--internal` produced a `hostOnly` network. An
+internal-only agent had a default route to the host-only gateway, but
+could not ping `1.1.1.1` and could not resolve or fetch
+`https://example.com`.
+
+### 2. Can `container run` attach one container to multiple networks?
+
+Yes. Repeated `--network` flags produced multiple interfaces and the
+inspect JSON preserved both network attachments.
+
+Important caveat: network order matters. The first network became
+`eth0`, supplied the default route, and supplied `/etc/resolv.conf`.
+For a sidecar that needs internet egress, put the NAT network first and
+the internal agent network second.
+
+### 3. Can the sidecar bundle sit on both an internal agent network and an egress-capable network?
+
+Yes. The sidecar had a NAT interface and a host-only interface. With the
+NAT network first and explicit DNS, it could fetch `https://example.com`
+while the agent on only the host-only network could not.
+
+### 4. Can Apple Container provide stable network aliases or service discovery equivalent to Docker Compose aliases?
+
+Not by default in this run. The agent could not resolve
+`bb-spike-230-sidecar` or `bb-spike-230-sidecar-alias`, even though
+those were the container names and hostnames in inspect output. The
+agent could reach the sidecar by the sidecar's host-only-network IP.
+
+The backend should not assume Docker Compose-style aliases. It should
+read the sidecar's host-only IP from `container inspect` and inject
+that concrete endpoint into the agent environment/config, or run a
+small internal DNS/hosts-file setup as an explicit backend feature.
+
+### 5. Can a published sidecar port bound to a per-bottle loopback alias be reached from another Apple Container guest and constrained to that alias?
+
+Host-side alias binding works and is constrained on the host:
+`127.0.0.31:18080` reached the sidecar, while `127.0.0.1:18080` failed.
+
+Guest-to-host-published-loopback did not work. From the agent,
+`192.168.128.1:18080` and `127.0.0.31:18080` both failed. For
+agent-to-sidecar traffic, use the sidecar's internal network IP rather
+than a host-published loopback alias.
+
+### 6. What structured output is available for robust enumeration and cleanup?
+
+Confirmed structured output:
+
+- `container list --all --format json`
+- `container inspect <container...>` as JSON
+- `container image inspect <image...>` as JSON
+- `container network list --format json`
+- `container network inspect <network...>` as JSON
+- `container system status --format json`
+- `container system version --format json`
+
+Useful fields observed:
+
+- containers: `id`, `configuration.labels`,
+  `configuration.networks`, `configuration.publishedPorts`,
+  `status.state`, `status.networks[].network`,
+  `status.networks[].ipv4Address`, `status.networks[].ipv4Gateway`;
+- networks: `id`, `configuration.name`, `configuration.labels`,
+  `configuration.mode`, `status.ipv4Gateway`, `status.ipv4Subnet`;
+- images: `id`, `configuration.name`, `configuration.descriptor`,
+  `variants[].platform`, `variants[].size`.
+
+### 7. Are labels supported on containers and networks enough to replace prefix-only discovery?
+
+Labels are present in container and network inspect/list JSON, so they
+are sufficient as metadata if the backend lists resources and filters
+client-side. I did not find or validate a server-side label filter for
+`container list` or `container network list`.
+
+## Recommendation
+
+Proceed with a narrow `macos-container` launch prototype, but encode
+the Apple Container-specific constraints directly:
+
+- create one host-only agent network and one NAT egress network per
+  bottle;
+- start the sidecar bundle with `--network <egress>` before
+  `--network <agent>`;
+- set sidecar DNS explicitly, ideally from the bottle/host policy
+  rather than hardcoding a public resolver;
+- start the agent only on the host-only network;
+- discover the sidecar's host-only IP from `container inspect` and pass
+  concrete URLs to the agent;
+- use host loopback publishing only for host-to-sidecar access, not
+  guest-to-sidecar access;
+- enumerate and clean up by labels plus name prefixes until/unless the
+  CLI adds label filters.
+
+Do not implement the backend as a direct clone of Docker Compose
+service aliases. That assumption failed in this run.

docs/research/apple-container-transparent-egress-spike.md

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+# Apple Container transparent egress spike
+
+Issue: https://gitea.dideric.is/didericis/bot-bottle/issues/230#issuecomment-1994
+
+## Summary
+
+Transparent egress is mechanically possible on Apple Container 1.0.0,
+but it is not a free property of the platform and it is not a drop-in
+replacement for `HTTP_PROXY` yet.
+
+The spike proved two separate things:
+
+- Plain routing/NAT works if the sidecar has `CAP_NET_ADMIN`, IP
+  forwarding, and masquerade rules, and if the agent default route is
+  changed to the sidecar's host-only-network IP.
+- Transparent mitmproxy interception works if the sidecar redirects
+  agent-facing TCP 80/443 traffic to `mitmdump --mode transparent`.
+  Direct HTTP was logged by mitmproxy. Direct HTTPS reached mitmproxy;
+  it failed with normal certificate verification until the client
+  skipped verification, which is consistent with bot-bottle's existing
+  requirement that agents trust the sidecar CA.
+- Running DNS on the sidecar and pointing the agent at the sidecar's
+  host-only IP also works. This is cleaner than relying on forwarded
+  UDP DNS to a public resolver and gives the backend a natural place to
+  enforce or observe DNS policy.
+
+The hard blocker is agent routing. Apple Container 1.0.0 exposes no
+documented `--network` gateway option. An ordinary agent container
+cannot replace its default route:
+
+```console
+$ container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c \
+  'ip route replace default via 192.168.128.2 dev eth0; ip route'
+default via 192.168.128.1 dev eth0
+192.168.128.0/24 dev eth0 scope link  src 192.168.128.3
+ip: RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted
+```
+
+The successful route-through-sidecar tests used `--cap-add
+CAP_NET_ADMIN` on the agent so the route could be changed after start.
+That is not an acceptable final design by itself: it expands the
+agent's kernel-facing privilege and lets the agent mutate its own
+network namespace. A production design needs either a backend-owned
+init/shim that sets the route then drops privilege in a way the agent
+cannot regain, a platform-supported gateway option, or a different
+network attachment layer.
+
+## Environment
+
+Tested on 2026-06-10:
+
+```console
+$ sw_vers
+ProductName:		macOS
+ProductVersion:		26.5.1
+BuildVersion:		25F80
+
+$ uname -m
+arm64
+
+$ container --version
+container CLI version 1.0.0 (build: release, commit: ee848e3)
+```
+
+Apple Container system status:
+
+```json
+{
+  "apiServerAppName": "container-apiserver",
+  "apiServerBuild": "release",
+  "apiServerCommit": "ee848e3ebfd7c73b04dd419683be54fb450b8779",
+  "apiServerVersion": "container-apiserver version 1.0.0 (build: release, commit: ee848e3)",
+  "appRoot": "/Users/didericis/Library/Application Support/com.apple.container/",
+  "installRoot": "/usr/local/",
+  "status": "running"
+}
+```
+
+## Baseline
+
+Networks:
+
+```bash
+container network create bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --internal \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress
+
+container network create bb-spike-230t-egress \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress
+```
+
+Sidecar, dual-homed with NAT first:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230t-sidecar \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --dns 1.1.1.1 \
+  --detach docker.io/alpine:latest sleep 1800
+```
+
+Agent, host-only network:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --detach docker.io/alpine:latest sleep 1800
+```
+
+Observed sidecar addresses:
+
+```console
+eth0 192.168.66.2/24    # NAT egress network
+eth1 192.168.128.2/24   # host-only agent network
+default via 192.168.66.1 dev eth0
+nameserver 1.1.1.1
+```
+
+Observed agent baseline:
+
+```console
+eth0 192.168.128.3/24
+default via 192.168.128.1 dev eth0
+nameserver 192.168.128.1
+wget: bad address 'pypi.org'
+```
+
+That confirms the previous spike's baseline: sidecar can egress, agent
+cannot egress directly.
+
+## Plain NAT Test
+
+Relaunch sidecar and agent with `CAP_NET_ADMIN`:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230t-sidecar \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --dns 1.1.1.1 \
+  --cap-add CAP_NET_ADMIN \
+  --detach docker.io/alpine:latest sleep 1800
+
+container run --name bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --cap-add CAP_NET_ADMIN \
+  --detach docker.io/alpine:latest sleep 1800
+```
+
+Configure sidecar forwarding:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-sidecar sh -c '
+  apk add --no-cache iptables iproute2
+  sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+  iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.128.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
+  iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
+  iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
+'
+```
+
+Point the agent at the sidecar:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c '
+  ip route replace default via 192.168.128.4 dev eth0
+  printf "nameserver 1.1.1.1\n" > /etc/resolv.conf
+'
+```
+
+Normal direct PyPI fetch from the agent, with no proxy variables set:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c '
+  for v in HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY http_proxy https_proxy ALL_PROXY all_proxy; do
+    if [ -n "$(printenv "$v")" ]; then echo "$v=SET"; fi
+  done
+  wget -T 10 -O- https://pypi.org/simple/pip/ | head -c 120
+'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+Connecting to pypi.org (151.101.0.223:443)
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta name="pypi:repository-version" content="1.4">
+```
+
+Sidecar NAT counters increased:
+
+```console
+POSTROUTING MASQUERADE 3 packets / 168 bytes
+FORWARD eth1 -> eth0 22 packets / 2806 bytes
+FORWARD eth0 -> eth1 29 packets / 54781 bytes
+```
+
+Verdict: plain transparent routing through the sidecar works, but this
+is only NAT. It does not apply bot-bottle's existing route allowlist,
+authorization stripping/injection, or DLP logic.
+
+## Transparent Mitmproxy Test
+
+The current sidecar launcher uses explicit proxy mode:
+
+```sh
+MODE="--mode regular@9099"
+exec mitmdump $CONFDIR_FLAG $MODE $LISTEN_HOST_FLAG $TRUST_FLAG -s /app/egress_addon.py
+```
+
+So transparent egress needs a launcher mode change plus iptables
+redirects.
+
+Run a test mitmproxy container:
+
+```bash
+container run --name bb-spike-230t-mitm \
+  --label bot-bottle.spike=transparent-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-egress \
+  --network bb-spike-230t-agent \
+  --dns 1.1.1.1 \
+  --cap-add CAP_NET_ADMIN \
+  --detach mitmproxy/mitmproxy:11.1.3 \
+  sh -c 'apt-get update >/tmp/apt.log &&
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends iptables iproute2 >>/tmp/apt.log &&
+    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward &&
+    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 &&
+    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 &&
+    mitmdump --mode transparent@8080 --set showhost=true --set ssl_insecure=true --set confdir=/tmp/mitm -v'
+```
+
+The container listened successfully:
+
+```console
+Transparent Proxy listening at *:8080.
+```
+
+It had an agent-facing address of `192.168.128.7`. Point the agent at
+it and set DNS:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c '
+  ip route replace default via 192.168.128.7 dev eth0
+  printf "nameserver 1.1.1.1\n" > /etc/resolv.conf
+'
+```
+
+DNS also needs NAT/forwarding because only TCP 80/443 is redirected:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-mitm sh -c '
+  iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.128.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
+  iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
+  iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
+'
+```
+
+An alternative, and likely better, DNS shape is to run a DNS forwarder on
+the sidecar's host-only IP and point the agent at it. This was tested
+with `dnsmasq`:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-mitm sh -c '
+  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends dnsmasq
+  cat >/tmp/dnsmasq.conf <<EOF
+no-daemon
+listen-address=192.168.128.7
+bind-interfaces
+server=1.1.1.1
+log-queries
+log-facility=-
+EOF
+  (dnsmasq --conf-file=/tmp/dnsmasq.conf >/tmp/dnsmasq.log 2>&1 &)
+  sleep 1
+  ss -lunp | grep :53
+'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+UNCONN 0 0 192.168.128.7:53 0.0.0.0:* users:(("dnsmasq",pid=515,fd=4))
+```
+
+Point the agent to sidecar DNS:
+
+```bash
+container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c '
+  printf "nameserver 192.168.128.7\n" > /etc/resolv.conf
+  nslookup pypi.org
+'
+```
+
+Observed:
+
+```console
+Server:		192.168.128.7
+Address:	192.168.128.7:53
+
+Non-authoritative answer:
+Name:	pypi.org
+Address: 151.101.128.223
+Name:	pypi.org
+Address: 151.101.192.223
+Name:	pypi.org
+Address: 151.101.64.223
+Name:	pypi.org
+Address: 151.101.0.223
+```
+
+Direct HTTP from the agent worked and mitmproxy logged the request:
+
+```console
+$ container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c \
+  'wget -T 10 -O- http://example.com | head -c 100'
+Connecting to example.com (172.66.147.243:80)
+<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>Example Domain</title>
+```
+
+Mitmproxy log:
+
+```console
+192.168.128.5:39742: GET http://example.com/
+    Host: example.com
+    User-Agent: Wget
+ << 200 OK 559b
+```
+
+After switching the agent to sidecar DNS, direct HTTP still hit
+mitmproxy:
+
+```console
+192.168.128.5:50784: GET http://example.com/
+    Host: example.com
+    User-Agent: Wget
+ << 200 OK 559b
+```
+
+Direct HTTPS from the agent reached mitmproxy but failed certificate
+verification, as expected when the client does not trust the mitmproxy
+CA:
+
+```console
+$ container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c \
+  'wget -T 10 -O- https://pypi.org/simple/pip/ | head -c 100'
+Connecting to pypi.org (151.101.128.223:443)
+... certificate verify failed ...
+```
+
+Mitmproxy log:
+
+```console
+Client TLS handshake failed. The client does not trust the proxy's
+certificate for pypi.org (tlsv1 alert unknown ca)
+```
+
+With verification disabled, the same direct URL succeeded and mitmproxy
+logged the full HTTPS request:
+
+```console
+$ container exec bb-spike-230t-agent sh -c \
+  'wget --no-check-certificate -T 10 -O- https://pypi.org/simple/pip/ | head -c 100'
+Connecting to pypi.org (151.101.128.223:443)
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta name="pypi:repository-version" content="1.4">
+```
+
+Mitmproxy log:
+
+```console
+192.168.128.5:32802: GET https://pypi.org/simple/pip/
+    Host: pypi.org
+    User-Agent: Wget
+ << 200 OK 103k
+```
+
+After switching the agent to sidecar DNS, direct HTTPS still hit
+mitmproxy:
+
+```console
+192.168.128.5:50254: GET https://pypi.org/simple/pip/
+    Host: pypi.org
+    User-Agent: Wget
+ << 200 OK 103k
+```
+
+Verdict: transparent mitmproxy mode works in this topology. The bot
+agent would still need the egress CA installed, which bot-bottle already
+does for explicit proxy mode.
+
+## Answers
+
+### Can the sidecar become the agent network's default gateway?
+
+Not directly through Apple Container's documented CLI. The installed
+`container run --help` documents `--network
+<name>[,mac=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX][,mtu=VALUE]`; it does not document a
+gateway option.
+
+The route can be changed after container start only if the agent has
+`CAP_NET_ADMIN`. Without it, `ip route replace default via <sidecar>`
+fails with `Operation not permitted`.
+
+### Can Apple Container support sidecar forwarding/NAT/transparent proxying?
+
+Yes. A dual-homed sidecar with `CAP_NET_ADMIN` can enable IP forwarding,
+set iptables NAT/forwarding rules, and route agent traffic out through
+the NAT network.
+
+Transparent mitmproxy interception also works with `PREROUTING`
+redirects to `mitmdump --mode transparent`.
+
+### What capabilities/custom image are required?
+
+At minimum:
+
+- sidecar needs `CAP_NET_ADMIN`;
+- sidecar image needs `iptables`/`iproute2` or equivalent nftables
+  tooling;
+- sidecar should run a DNS listener on its host-only IP, or otherwise
+  provide a controlled resolver path for the agent;
+- sidecar launcher needs a transparent mode variant;
+- agent route must be changed to the sidecar's host-only IP;
+- agent DNS should point to the sidecar DNS listener;
+- agent must trust the sidecar CA for HTTPS interception.
+
+The tested agent route mutation required agent `CAP_NET_ADMIN`, which
+should not be accepted as the final design without a privilege-dropping
+init/shim story.
+
+### Can host-level `pf` or vmnet rules replace agent route mutation?
+
+Not tested. The successful transparent paths did not use host `pf`;
+they used container-local routing and iptables. Host-level `pf` remains
+a possible escape hatch if Apple Container cannot set a custom gateway
+and we reject agent `CAP_NET_ADMIN`.
+
+### Can existing route policy and DLP semantics be preserved?
+
+Likely, but not fully validated in this spike. Mitmproxy transparent
+mode produced normal HTTP flows with correct `Host` values for both
+HTTP and HTTPS. The existing `egress_addon.py` hooks should still see
+`flow.request.pretty_host`, method, path, headers, and response bodies.
+
+But the current sidecar entrypoint only starts `mitmdump` in regular
+explicit-proxy mode. A real implementation must add a transparent mode
+launcher and then run the existing egress addon test suite against
+transparent flows.
+
+## Recommendation
+
+Do not switch `macos-container` to transparent egress yet, but keep it
+as a plausible implementation path.
+
+The next implementation spike should focus on removing the agent
+`CAP_NET_ADMIN` requirement. Acceptable options:
+
+- find or add an Apple Container-supported default-gateway setting;
+- start the agent through a tiny root init that sets route/DNS, drops
+  capabilities, and then execs the agent as the normal user;
+- include a sidecar DNS service and set the agent resolver to the
+  sidecar's host-only IP as part of that init/setup path;
+- avoid routing mutation by using host/vmnet-level packet redirection;
+- explicitly decide that route mutation is only a convenience layer and
+  keep explicit proxy env vars for v1.
+
+Bluntly: transparent egress is feasible, but not production-ready until
+the agent route can be controlled without leaving network-admin power in
+the agent runtime.

examples/bottles/claude.md

@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ agent_provider:
 egress:
   routes:
     - host: api.anthropic.com
-      role: claude_code_oauth
+      role: claude_code_oauth    # wires Claude Code OAuth; do not change
       auth:
         scheme: Bearer
         token_ref: BOT_BOTTLE_CLAUDE_OAUTH_TOKEN
+      # dlp is omitted → all detectors on by default (token_patterns,
+      # known_secrets outbound; naive_injection_detection inbound).
+      # To disable inbound scanning for this route:
+      #   dlp:
+      #     inbound_detectors: false
 ---
 
 Common Claude provider boundary. Drop this file into

tests/fixtures.py

@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def fixture_with_git_dict() -> dict[str, Any]:
                     "repos": {
                         "bot-bottle": {
                             "url": "ssh://git@gitea.dideric.is:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
-                            "identity": "/dev/null",
+                            "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                             "host_key": "ssh-ed25519 AAAA...",
                         },
                         "foo": {
                             "url": "ssh://git@github.com/didericis/foo.git",
-                            "identity": "/dev/null",
+                            "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                             "host_key": "ssh-ed25519 BBBB...",
                         },
                     },

tests/integration/test_macos_container_launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+"""Integration: macOS Container launch topology.
+
+End-to-end against Apple's real `container` runtime. The smoke launches
+a bottle with the experimental macOS Container backend and verifies the
+properties that make the explicit-proxy launch acceptable:
+
+  - the agent can exec commands after provisioning;
+  - HTTP(S)_PROXY points at the sidecar's internal-network IP;
+  - allowlisted HTTPS reaches the egress sidecar;
+  - direct egress with proxy env removed fails from the internal-only
+    agent network;
+  - non-allowlisted proxy traffic is blocked.
+
+Skipped under Gitea Actions and on hosts without Apple's `container`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from bot_bottle.backend import BottleSpec, get_bottle_backend
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.util import (
+    dns_server as _container_dns_server,
+    is_available as _container_available,
+)
+from bot_bottle.manifest import Manifest
+
+
+_AGENT_PROMPT = "You are a launch smoke-test agent. Be brief."
+
+
+def _minimal_agent_dockerfile(path: Path) -> None:
+    path.write_text(
+        "\n".join((
+            "FROM node:22-slim",
+            "RUN apt-get update \\",
+            "  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\",
+            "    ca-certificates curl git \\",
+            "  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*",
+            "USER node",
+            "WORKDIR /home/node",
+            "CMD [\"sleep\", \"infinity\"]",
+            "",
+        )),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+
+def _minimal_manifest(dockerfile: Path) -> Manifest:
+    return Manifest.from_json_obj({
+        "bottles": {
+            "dev": {
+                "agent_provider": {
+                    "template": "pi",
+                    "dockerfile": str(dockerfile),
+                    "settings": {
+                        "provider": "example",
+                        "base_url": "https://example.com/v1",
+                        "models": ["smoke"],
+                    },
+                },
+                "egress": {
+                    "routes": [
+                        {"host": "example.com"},
+                    ],
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        "agents": {
+            "demo": {
+                "skills": [],
+                "prompt": _AGENT_PROMPT,
+                "bottle": "dev",
+            },
+        },
+    })
+
+
+def _buildkit_dns_available() -> bool:
+    if platform.system() != "Darwin" or not _container_available():
+        return False
+    stage = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cb-container-buildkit-dns."))
+    image = "bot-bottle-buildkit-dns-check:latest"
+    try:
+        dockerfile = stage / "Dockerfile"
+        dockerfile.write_text(
+            "FROM debian:bookworm-slim\n"
+            "RUN getent hosts deb.debian.org\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "container", "build",
+                "--dns", _container_dns_server(),
+                "-t", image,
+                "-f", str(dockerfile),
+                str(stage),
+            ],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        return result.returncode == 0
+    finally:
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["container", "image", "delete", image],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        shutil.rmtree(stage, ignore_errors=True)
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(
+    os.environ.get("GITEA_ACTIONS") == "true",
+    "skipped under act_runner: cannot host Apple Container VMs",
+)
+@unittest.skipUnless(
+    platform.system() == "Darwin",
+    "Apple Container is macOS-only",
+)
+@unittest.skipUnless(
+    _container_available(),
+    "Apple Container not on PATH; install from "
+    "https://github.com/apple/container/releases",
+)
+@unittest.skipUnless(
+    _buildkit_dns_available(),
+    "Apple Container BuildKit cannot resolve deb.debian.org on this host",
+)
+class TestMacosContainerLaunch(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Launch once and reuse the bottle across probes."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
+        cls.stage = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cb-macos-container-launch."))
+        cls._launch = None
+        cls.bottle = None
+        dockerfile = cls.stage / "Dockerfile.agent-smoke"
+        _minimal_agent_dockerfile(dockerfile)
+        os.environ["BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND"] = "macos-container"
+        try:
+            backend = get_bottle_backend()
+            spec = BottleSpec(
+                manifest=_minimal_manifest(dockerfile),
+                agent_name="demo",
+                copy_cwd=False,
+                user_cwd=str(cls.stage),
+            )
+            cls.plan = backend.prepare(spec, stage_dir=cls.stage)
+            cls._launch = backend.launch(cls.plan)
+            cls.bottle = cls._launch.__enter__()
+        except BaseException:
+            if cls._launch is not None:
+                cls._launch.__exit__(None, None, None)
+            shutil.rmtree(cls.stage, ignore_errors=True)
+            os.environ.pop("BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND", None)
+            raise
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
+        try:
+            if cls._launch is not None:
+                cls._launch.__exit__(None, None, None)
+        finally:
+            shutil.rmtree(cls.stage, ignore_errors=True)
+            os.environ.pop("BOT_BOTTLE_BACKEND", None)
+
+    def test_smoke_exec_echo(self):
+        r = self.bottle.exec(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            "echo hello-from-macos-container"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(0, r.returncode, msg=r.stderr)
+        self.assertIn("hello-from-macos-container", r.stdout)
+
+    def test_proxy_env_points_at_sidecar_internal_ip(self):
+        r = self.bottle.exec(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            "printf '%s\n' \"$HTTPS_PROXY\" \"$HTTP_PROXY\" "
+            "\"$NO_PROXY\" \"$NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS\""
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(0, r.returncode, msg=r.stderr)
+        values = [line.strip() for line in r.stdout.splitlines()]
+        self.assertEqual(4, len(values), values)
+        self.assertEqual(values[0], values[1], values)
+        self.assertRegex(values[0], r"^http://[0-9.]+:9099$")
+        self.assertNotIn("127.0.0.1", values[0])
+        sidecar_host = values[0].removeprefix("http://").removesuffix(":9099")
+        self.assertIn(sidecar_host, values[2])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            "/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/bot-bottle-mitm-ca.crt",
+            values[3],
+        )
+
+    def test_allowlisted_https_reaches_egress_proxy(self):
+        r = self.bottle.exec(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            "curl -fsS --max-time 20 https://example.com >/dev/null && echo OK"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(0, r.returncode, msg=r.stderr + r.stdout)
+        self.assertIn("OK", r.stdout)
+
+    def test_direct_egress_bypass_without_proxy_fails(self):
+        r = self.bottle.exec(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            "env -u HTTPS_PROXY -u HTTP_PROXY -u https_proxy -u http_proxy "
+            "curl -s --show-error --max-time 5 https://example.com 2>&1 || true"
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            "refused" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "timed out" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "unreachable" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "failed" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "could not resolve" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "connection reset" in r.stdout.lower(),
+            f"expected direct egress to fail; got: {r.stdout!r}",
+        )
+
+    def test_non_allowlisted_host_fails_through_proxy(self):
+        r = self.bottle.exec(  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            "curl -s --show-error --max-time 10 https://iana.org 2>&1 || true"
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            "403" in r.stdout
+            or "502" in r.stdout
+            or "blocked" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "not allowed" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "not in the bottle's egress.routes allowlist" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "forbidden" in r.stdout.lower()
+            or "failed" in r.stdout.lower(),
+            f"expected non-allowlisted proxy request to fail; got: {r.stdout!r}",
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/unit/test_backend_selection.py

@@ -32,8 +32,35 @@ class TestGetBottleBackend(unittest.TestCase):
             b = get_bottle_backend()
         self.assertEqual("smolmachines", b.name)
 
-    def test_default_smolmachines(self):
+    def test_default_macos_container_when_available(self):
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
+        class _FakeBackend:
+            name = "macos-container"
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return True
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True), \
+             patch.object(backend_mod, "_BACKENDS", {
+                 "macos-container": _FakeBackend(),
+                 "smolmachines": _FakeBackend(),
+             }):
+            b = get_bottle_backend()
+        self.assertEqual("macos-container", b.name)
+
+    def test_default_smolmachines_when_macos_container_unavailable(self):
+        class _FakeBackend:
+            def __init__(self, name: str, available: bool) -> None:
+                self.name = name
+                self._available = available
+
+            def is_available(self) -> bool:
+                return self._available
+
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True), \
+             patch.object(backend_mod, "_BACKENDS", {
+                 "macos-container": _FakeBackend("macos-container", False),
+                 "smolmachines": _FakeBackend("smolmachines", False),
+             }):
             b = get_bottle_backend()
         self.assertEqual("smolmachines", b.name)
 
@@ -44,8 +71,11 @@ class TestGetBottleBackend(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class TestKnownBackendNames(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_returns_both_backends_sorted(self):
+    def test_returns_backends_sorted(self):
-        self.assertEqual(("docker", "smolmachines"), known_backend_names())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ("docker", "macos-container", "smolmachines"),
+            known_backend_names(),
+        )
 
 
 class TestEnumerateActiveAgents(unittest.TestCase):

tests/unit/test_compose.py

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def _manifest(*, supervise: bool, with_git: bool, with_egress: bool) -> Manifest
         bottle["git-gate"] = {"repos": {
             "upstream": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@example.com:22/x/y.git",
-                "identity": "/etc/hostname",  # any existing file
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/etc/hostname"},
             },
         }}
     if with_egress:

tests/unit/test_git_gate.py

@@ -181,6 +181,13 @@ class TestHookRender(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("BatchMode=yes", hook)
         self.assertIn("ConnectTimeout=", hook)
 
+    def test_force_push_uses_plus_refspec(self):
+        # A non-fast-forward push (old != zero, new not a descendant of old)
+        # must forward +$new:$ref so the upstream accepts the force push.
+        hook = git_gate_render_hook()
+        self.assertIn('git merge-base --is-ancestor "$old" "$new"', hook)
+        self.assertIn('refspec="+$new:$ref"', hook)
+
     def test_forward_preserves_push_options(self):
         # Git exposes push options to pre-receive hooks as
         # GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT + indexed GIT_PUSH_OPTION_N variables.
@@ -277,7 +284,7 @@ class TestPrepare(unittest.TestCase):
             "bottles": {"dev": {"git-gate": {"repos": {
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/didericis/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }}}},
             "agents": {"demo": {"skills": [], "prompt": "", "bottle": "dev"}},

tests/unit/test_macos_container_bottle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Unit: Apple Container bottle command construction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.bottle import MacosContainerBottle
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerBottle(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_agent_argv_uses_container_exec(self):
+        bottle = MacosContainerBottle(
+            "bot-bottle-dev-abc",
+            lambda: None,
+            None,
+            agent_command="codex",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "container", "exec", "--interactive", "--tty",
+                "bot-bottle-dev-abc", "codex", "run",
+            ],
+            bottle.agent_argv(["run"]),
+        )
+
+    def test_agent_argv_includes_workdir(self):
+        bottle = MacosContainerBottle(
+            "bot-bottle-dev-abc",
+            lambda: None,
+            None,
+            agent_workdir="/home/node/workspace",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "container", "exec", "--interactive", "--tty",
+                "--workdir", "/home/node/workspace",
+                "bot-bottle-dev-abc", "claude",
+            ],
+            bottle.agent_argv([]),
+        )
+
+    def test_exec_pipes_script_to_shell(self):
+        bottle = MacosContainerBottle("bot-bottle-dev-abc", lambda: None, None)
+        with patch("bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.bottle.subprocess.run") as run:
+            run.return_value.returncode = 7
+            run.return_value.stdout = "out"
+            run.return_value.stderr = "err"
+            result = bottle.exec("echo hi", user="root")
+        self.assertEqual(7, result.returncode)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "container", "exec", "--user", "root", "--interactive",
+                "bot-bottle-dev-abc", "sh", "-s",
+            ],
+            run.call_args.args[0],
+        )
+        self.assertEqual("echo hi", run.call_args.kwargs["input"])
+
+    def test_cp_in_uses_container_cp(self):
+        bottle = MacosContainerBottle("bot-bottle-dev-abc", lambda: None, None)
+        with patch("bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.bottle.subprocess.run") as run:
+            bottle.cp_in("/tmp/src", "/home/node/src")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ["container", "cp", "/tmp/src", "bot-bottle-dev-abc:/home/node/src"],
+            run.call_args.args[0],
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/unit/test_macos_container_cleanup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Unit: Apple Container cleanup/enumeration helpers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container import cleanup, enumerate as enum_mod
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.bottle_cleanup_plan import (
+    MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan,
+)
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerCleanup(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_lists_prefixed_containers(self):
+        completed = cleanup.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout="bot-bottle-a\nbot-bottle-sidecars-a\nother\n",
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(cleanup.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed):
+            self.assertEqual(
+                ["bot-bottle-a", "bot-bottle-sidecars-a"],
+                cleanup._list_prefixed_containers(),
+            )
+
+    def test_cleanup_deletes_containers_and_networks(self):
+        plan = MacosContainerBottleCleanupPlan(
+            containers=("bot-bottle-a",),
+            networks=("bot-bottle-net-a",),
+        )
+        with patch.object(cleanup.subprocess, "run") as run:
+            cleanup.cleanup(plan)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ["container", "delete", "--force", "bot-bottle-a"],
+            run.call_args_list[0].args[0],
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ["container", "network", "delete", "bot-bottle-net-a"],
+            run.call_args_list[1].args[0],
+        )
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerEnumerate(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_enumerate_active_reads_metadata(self):
+        completed = enum_mod.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout="bot-bottle-a\nbot-bottle-sidecars-a\nother\n",
+            stderr="",
+        )
+
+        class _Metadata:
+            agent_name = "impl"
+            started_at = "2026-06-10T00:00:00Z"
+            label = "Implement"
+            color = "blue"
+
+        with patch.object(enum_mod.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed), \
+             patch.object(enum_mod, "read_metadata", return_value=_Metadata()):
+            agents = enum_mod.enumerate_active()
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(agents))
+        self.assertEqual("macos-container", agents[0].backend_name)
+        self.assertEqual("a", agents[0].slug)
+        self.assertEqual("impl", agents[0].agent_name)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/unit/test_macos_container_launch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+"""Unit: Apple Container launch argv construction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import cast
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container import launch
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container.bottle_plan import MacosContainerBottlePlan
+
+
+def _plan(
+    *,
+    stage_dir: Path,
+    git: bool = False,
+    supervise: bool = False,
+    agent_git_gate_url: str = "",
+    agent_supervise_url: str = "",
+) -> MacosContainerBottlePlan:
+    routes_path = stage_dir / "source-routes.yaml"
+    routes_path.write_text("routes: []\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    ca_dir = stage_dir / "egress-ca"
+    ca_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    ca_path = ca_dir / "mitmproxy-ca.pem"
+    ca_path.write_text("ca\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    egress_plan = SimpleNamespace(
+        mitmproxy_ca_host_path=ca_path,
+        routes_path=routes_path,
+        routes=("route",),
+        token_env_map={"EGRESS_TOKEN_0": "HOST_TOKEN"},
+    )
+    if git:
+        key_path = stage_dir / "origin-key"
+        key_path.write_text("key\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        known_hosts_path = stage_dir / "origin-known-hosts"
+        known_hosts_path.write_text("example.com ssh-ed25519 AAAA\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        entrypoint = stage_dir / "git_gate_entrypoint.sh"
+        entrypoint.write_text("#!/bin/sh\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        hook = stage_dir / "git_gate_pre_receive.sh"
+        hook.write_text("#!/bin/sh\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        access_hook = stage_dir / "git_gate_access_hook.sh"
+        access_hook.write_text("#!/bin/sh\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        upstream = SimpleNamespace(
+            name="origin",
+            identity_file=str(key_path),
+            known_hosts_file=known_hosts_path,
+        )
+        git_gate_plan = SimpleNamespace(
+            upstreams=(upstream,),
+            entrypoint_script=entrypoint,
+            hook_script=hook,
+            access_hook_script=access_hook,
+        )
+    else:
+        git_gate_plan = SimpleNamespace(upstreams=())
+    supervise_plan = (
+        SimpleNamespace(queue_dir=Path("/state/supervise/queue"))
+        if supervise else None
+    )
+    agent_provision = SimpleNamespace(
+        guest_env={"LITERAL": "value"},
+        provisioned_env={"CODEX_HOME": "/run/codex-home"},
+    )
+    return cast(MacosContainerBottlePlan, SimpleNamespace(
+        spec=SimpleNamespace(),
+        stage_dir=stage_dir,
+        slug="dev-abc",
+        container_name="bot-bottle-dev-abc",
+        image="bot-bottle-agent:latest",
+        forwarded_env={"OAUTH_TOKEN": "host-value"},
+        egress_plan=egress_plan,
+        git_gate_plan=git_gate_plan,
+        supervise_plan=supervise_plan,
+        agent_provision=agent_provision,
+        agent_git_gate_url=agent_git_gate_url,
+        agent_supervise_url=agent_supervise_url,
+    ))
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerLaunchArgv(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self._tmp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.stage_dir = Path(self._tmp.name)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._tmp.cleanup()
+
+    def test_sidecar_argv_uses_egress_network_first_and_explicit_dns(self):
+        plan = _plan(stage_dir=self.stage_dir, supervise=True)
+        with patch.object(launch.os, "environ", {
+            "BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS": "9.9.9.9",
+        }):
+            argv = launch._sidecar_run_argv(
+                plan,
+                "bot-bottle-sidecars-dev-abc",
+                "bot-bottle-net-dev-abc",
+                "bot-bottle-egress-dev-abc",
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "--network", "bot-bottle-egress-dev-abc",
+                "--network", "bot-bottle-net-dev-abc",
+            ],
+            argv[argv.index("--network"):argv.index("--dns")],
+        )
+        self.assertIn("--dns", argv)
+        self.assertEqual("9.9.9.9", argv[argv.index("--dns") + 1])
+        self.assertIn(
+            "BOT_BOTTLE_SIDECAR_DAEMONS=egress,supervise",
+            argv,
+        )
+        self.assertIn("EGRESS_TOKEN_0", argv)
+        self.assertIn(
+            f"type=bind,source={self.stage_dir / 'egress-ca'},target=/home/mitmproxy/.mitmproxy",
+            argv,
+        )
+        routes_dir = self.stage_dir / "macos-container-egress"
+        self.assertIn(
+            f"type=bind,source={routes_dir},target=/etc/egress,readonly",
+            argv,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            "routes: []\n",
+            (routes_dir / "routes.yaml").read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            "type=bind,source=/state/supervise/queue,target=/run/supervise/queue",
+            argv,
+        )
+
+    def test_agent_env_points_proxy_at_sidecar_ip(self):
+        plan = _plan(
+            stage_dir=self.stage_dir,
+            agent_git_gate_url="http://192.168.128.2:9420",
+            agent_supervise_url="http://192.168.128.2:9100/",
+        )
+        env = launch._agent_env_entries(plan, "192.168.128.2")
+        self.assertIn("HTTPS_PROXY=http://192.168.128.2:9099", env)
+        self.assertIn("HTTP_PROXY=http://192.168.128.2:9099", env)
+        self.assertIn("https_proxy=http://192.168.128.2:9099", env)
+        self.assertIn("http_proxy=http://192.168.128.2:9099", env)
+        self.assertIn("NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.128.2", env)
+        self.assertIn("NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/bot-bottle-mitm-ca.crt", env)
+        self.assertIn("SSL_CERT_FILE=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", env)
+        self.assertIn("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", env)
+        self.assertIn("GIT_GATE_URL=http://192.168.128.2:9420", env)
+        self.assertIn("MCP_SUPERVISE_URL=http://192.168.128.2:9100/", env)
+        self.assertIn("LITERAL=value", env)
+        self.assertIn("OAUTH_TOKEN", env)
+        self.assertNotIn("CODEX_HOME", env)
+
+    def test_agent_run_uses_internal_network_only(self):
+        plan = _plan(stage_dir=self.stage_dir)
+        argv = launch._agent_run_argv(
+            plan, "bot-bottle-net-dev-abc", "192.168.128.2",
+        )
+        self.assertIn("--network", argv)
+        self.assertEqual("bot-bottle-net-dev-abc", argv[argv.index("--network") + 1])
+        self.assertNotIn("bot-bottle-egress-dev-abc", argv)
+        self.assertEqual(["bot-bottle-agent:latest", "sleep", "2147483647"], argv[-3:])
+
+    def test_git_gate_daemons_are_ready_gated(self):
+        plan = _plan(stage_dir=self.stage_dir, git=True)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ("egress", "git-gate", "git-http"),
+            launch._sidecar_daemons(plan),
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            "BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE=/run/git-gate/ready",
+            launch._sidecar_env_entries(plan),
+        )
+
+    def test_stamp_agent_urls_includes_git_http_when_git_gate_exists(self):
+        plan = _plan(stage_dir=self.stage_dir, git=True, supervise=True)
+        with patch.object(launch.dataclasses, "replace") as replace:
+            launch._stamp_agent_urls(plan, "192.168.128.2")
+        replace.assert_called_once_with(
+            plan,
+            agent_proxy_url="http://192.168.128.2:9099",
+            agent_git_gate_url="http://192.168.128.2:9420",
+            agent_supervise_url="http://192.168.128.2:9100/",
+        )
+
+    def test_macos_plan_uses_http_git_gate_rewrites(self):
+        base = _plan(
+            stage_dir=self.stage_dir,
+            git=True,
+            agent_git_gate_url="http://192.168.128.2:9420",
+        )
+        plan = MacosContainerBottlePlan(
+            spec=base.spec,
+            stage_dir=base.stage_dir,
+            git_gate_plan=base.git_gate_plan,
+            egress_plan=base.egress_plan,
+            supervise_plan=base.supervise_plan,
+            agent_provision=base.agent_provision,
+            slug=base.slug,
+            forwarded_env=base.forwarded_env,
+            agent_git_gate_url=base.agent_git_gate_url,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            "192.168.128.2:9420",
+            plan.git_gate_insteadof_host,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual("http", plan.git_gate_insteadof_scheme)
+
+    def test_stage_git_gate_copies_files_and_releases_ready_marker(self):
+        plan = _plan(stage_dir=self.stage_dir, git=True)
+        with (
+            patch.object(launch.container_mod, "exec_container") as exec_container,
+            patch.object(launch.container_mod, "copy_into_container") as copy_in,
+        ):
+            launch._stage_git_gate(plan, "sidecar")
+
+        exec_container.assert_any_call(
+            "sidecar",
+            [
+                "mkdir",
+                "-p",
+                "/etc/git-gate",
+                "/git-gate/creds",
+                "/git",
+                "/run/git-gate",
+            ],
+        )
+        copied = [call.args for call in copy_in.call_args_list]
+        self.assertIn(
+            (
+                "sidecar",
+                str(self.stage_dir / "git_gate_entrypoint.sh"),
+                "/git-gate-entrypoint.sh",
+            ),
+            copied,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            (
+                "sidecar",
+                str(self.stage_dir / "origin-key"),
+                "/git-gate/creds/origin-key",
+            ),
+            copied,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            (
+                "sidecar",
+                str(self.stage_dir / "origin-known-hosts"),
+                "/git-gate/creds/origin-known_hosts",
+            ),
+            copied,
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            "touch /run/git-gate/ready",
+            exec_container.call_args_list[-1].args[1][-1],
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/unit/test_macos_container_util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+"""Unit: Apple Container utility helpers."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from bot_bottle.backend.macos_container import util
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerAvailability(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_available_only_on_macos_with_container(self):
+        with patch.object(util.platform, "system", return_value="Darwin"), \
+             patch.object(util.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/local/bin/container"):
+            self.assertTrue(util.is_available())
+
+    def test_not_available_off_macos(self):
+        with patch.object(util.platform, "system", return_value="Linux"), \
+             patch.object(util.shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/local/bin/container"):
+            self.assertFalse(util.is_available())
+
+    def test_require_container_dies_when_missing(self):
+        with patch.object(util.platform, "system", return_value="Darwin"), \
+             patch.object(util.shutil, "which", return_value=None), \
+             patch.object(util, "die", side_effect=SystemExit("die")):
+            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+                util.require_container()
+
+
+class TestMacosContainerCommands(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_dns_server_prefers_direct_host_ipv4_resolver(self):
+        scutil = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout="""
+resolver #1
+  nameserver[0] : 100.100.100.100
+  reach    : 0x00000003 (Reachable,Transient Connection)
+
+resolver #2
+  nameserver[0] : 2600:4041:5c43:b900::1
+  nameserver[1] : 192.168.1.1
+  reach    : 0x00020002 (Reachable,Directly Reachable Address)
+""",
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.os, "environ", {}), \
+             patch.object(util.platform, "system", return_value="Darwin"), \
+             patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=scutil):
+            self.assertEqual("192.168.1.1", util.dns_server())
+
+    def test_build_image(self):
+        status = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout=(
+                '[{"status":{"state":"running"},'
+                '"configuration":{"dns":{"nameservers":["9.9.9.9"]}}}]'
+            ),
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=status) as run, \
+             patch.object(util.os, "environ", {
+                 "BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS": "9.9.9.9",
+             }):
+            util.build_image("bot-bottle-agent:latest", "/repo", dockerfile="/repo/Dockerfile")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "container", "build", "-t", "bot-bottle-agent:latest",
+                "--dns", "9.9.9.9", "-f", "/repo/Dockerfile", "/repo",
+            ],
+            run.call_args_list[-1].args[0],
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(run.call_args_list[-1].kwargs["check"])
+
+    def test_build_image_restarts_builder_when_dns_mismatches(self):
+        status = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout=(
+                '[{"status":{"state":"running"},'
+                '"configuration":{"dns":{"nameservers":[]}}}]'
+            ),
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=status) as run, \
+             patch.object(util.os, "environ", {
+                 "BOT_BOTTLE_MACOS_CONTAINER_DNS": "9.9.9.9",
+             }):
+            util.build_image("bot-bottle-agent:latest", "/repo")
+        calls = [c.args[0] for c in run.call_args_list]
+        self.assertIn(["container", "builder", "stop"], calls)
+        self.assertIn(
+            ["container", "builder", "start", "--dns", "9.9.9.9"],
+            calls,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [
+                "container", "build", "-t", "bot-bottle-agent:latest",
+                "--dns", "9.9.9.9", "/repo",
+            ],
+            calls[-1],
+        )
+
+    def test_build_image_leaves_working_builder_with_different_dns_alone(self):
+        status = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout=(
+                '[{"status":{"state":"running"},'
+                '"configuration":{"dns":{"nameservers":["8.8.8.8"]}}}]'
+            ),
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        probe = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="",
+        )
+        build = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util, "dns_server", return_value="192.168.1.1"), \
+             patch.object(util.os, "environ", {}), \
+             patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", side_effect=[status, probe, build]) as run:
+            util.build_image("bot-bottle-agent:latest", "/repo")
+        calls = [c.args[0] for c in run.call_args_list]
+        self.assertNotIn(["container", "builder", "stop"], calls)
+        self.assertNotIn(
+            ["container", "builder", "start", "--dns", "192.168.1.1"],
+            calls,
+        )
+
+    def test_build_image_restarts_builder_when_dns_probe_fails(self):
+        status = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[],
+            returncode=0,
+            stdout=(
+                '[{"status":{"state":"running"},'
+                '"configuration":{"dns":{"nameservers":["8.8.8.8"]}}}]'
+            ),
+            stderr="",
+        )
+        failed_probe = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=2, stdout="", stderr="",
+        )
+        ok = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout="", stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util, "dns_server", return_value="192.168.1.1"), \
+             patch.object(util.os, "environ", {}), \
+             patch.object(
+                 util.subprocess,
+                 "run",
+                 side_effect=[status, failed_probe, ok, ok, ok],
+             ) as run:
+            util.build_image("bot-bottle-agent:latest", "/repo")
+        calls = [c.args[0] for c in run.call_args_list]
+        self.assertIn(["container", "builder", "stop"], calls)
+        self.assertIn(
+            ["container", "builder", "start", "--dns", "192.168.1.1"],
+            calls,
+        )
+
+    def test_container_exists_parses_quiet_list(self):
+        completed = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout="bot-bottle-a\nother\n", stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed):
+            self.assertTrue(util.container_exists("bot-bottle-a"))
+            self.assertFalse(util.container_exists("bot-bottle-b"))
+
+    def test_image_id_reads_json_digest(self):
+        completed = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout='{"digest":"sha256:abc"}', stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed):
+            self.assertEqual("sha256:abc", util.image_id("demo:latest"))
+
+    def test_container_ipv4_on_network_reads_inspect_json(self):
+        payload = """[{
+          "status": {
+            "networks": [
+              {
+                "network": "bot-bottle-net-demo",
+                "ipv4Address": "192.168.128.2/24"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        }]"""
+        completed = util.subprocess.CompletedProcess(
+            args=[], returncode=0, stdout=payload, stderr="",
+        )
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=completed):
+            self.assertEqual(
+                "192.168.128.2",
+                util.container_ipv4_on_network(
+                    "bot-bottle-sidecars-demo",
+                    "bot-bottle-net-demo",
+                ),
+            )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/unit/test_manifest_agent_git_user.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class TestAgentGitUserOverlay(unittest.TestCase):
 class TestAgentGitUserRejections(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_agent_repos_dies_bottle_only(self):
         msg = _error_message(_manifest, agent_git={
-            "repos": {"r": {"url": "ssh://git@x/y.git", "identity": "/dev/null"}},
+            "repos": {"r": {"url": "ssh://git@x/y.git", "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"}}},
         })
         self.assertIn("git-gate.repos", msg)
         self.assertIn("bottle-only", msg)

tests/unit/test_manifest_extends.py

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ class TestExtendsGitMerge(unittest.TestCase):
     """git-gate.user overlays by field; git-gate.repos merges by upstream
     host, with child entries replacing duplicate hosts."""
 
-    _GIT_ENTRY_A = {"url": "ssh://git@host-a/a.git", "identity": "/dev/null"}
+    _GIT_ENTRY_A = {"url": "ssh://git@host-a/a.git", "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"}}
-    _GIT_ENTRY_B = {"url": "ssh://git@host-b/b.git", "identity": "/dev/null"}
+    _GIT_ENTRY_B = {"url": "ssh://git@host-b/b.git", "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"}}
 
     def test_child_git_repos_merge_with_parent(self):
         m = _build(
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class TestExtendsGitMerge(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(["a", "b"], names)
 
     def test_child_git_repo_replaces_same_host(self):
-        replacement = {"url": "ssh://git@host-a/replacement.git", "identity": "/dev/null"}
+        replacement = {"url": "ssh://git@host-a/replacement.git", "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"}}
         m = _build(
             base={"git-gate": {"repos": {"a": self._GIT_ENTRY_A}}},
             child={

tests/unit/test_manifest_git.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "bot-bottle": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@gitea.dideric.is:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         entries = m.bottles["dev"].git
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "foo": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@github.com/didericis/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         e = m.bottles["dev"].git[0]
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "foo": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         self.assertEqual("", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].KnownHostKey)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "foo": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 "host_key": "ssh-ed25519 AAAA",
             },
         }))
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "my-repo": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         self.assertEqual("my-repo", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].Name)
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_missing_url_dies(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
-                "foo": {"identity": "/dev/null"},
+                "foo": {"key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"}},
             }))
 
-    def test_missing_identity_dies(self):
+    def test_missing_key_block_dies(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {"url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git"},
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                     "IdentityFile": "/dev/null",  # old PascalCase key
                 },
             }))
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "https://github.com/didericis/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "git@github.com:didericis/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com:notaport/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class TestGitEntryParsing(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "bot-bottle": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@100.78.141.42:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         e = m.bottles["dev"].git[0]
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
             "bottles": {"dev": {"git-gate": {"repos": {
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@a.example/x.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
                 "bar": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@b.example/y.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }}}},
             "agents": {"demo": {"skills": [], "prompt": "", "bottle": "dev"}},
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "o'reilly": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "my repo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo;bar": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo$bar": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "my.repo-name_1": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
             },
         }))
         self.assertEqual("my.repo-name_1", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].Name)
@@ -243,111 +243,141 @@ class TestGitEntryCrossValidation(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("PRD 0047", msg)
 
 
-class TestProvisionedKey(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestStaticKey(unittest.TestCase):
-    """git-gate.repos entries that use provisioned_key (PRD 0048)."""
+    """git-gate.repos entries with key.provider = "static"."""
 
-    def test_provisioned_key_minimal(self):
+    def test_static_key_minimal(self):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "bot-bottle": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@gitea.dideric.is:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
-                "provisioned_key": {
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519"},
+            },
+        }))
+        e = m.bottles["dev"].git[0]
+        self.assertEqual("bot-bottle", e.Name)
+        self.assertEqual("static", e.Key.provider)
+        self.assertEqual("/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519", e.Key.path)
+        self.assertEqual("/home/user/.ssh/id_ed25519", e.IdentityFile)
+
+    def test_static_key_sets_identity_file_at_parse_time(self):
+        m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+            "foo": {
+                "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
+                "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
+            },
+        }))
+        self.assertEqual("/dev/null", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].IdentityFile)
+
+    def test_static_key_missing_path_dies(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
+            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+                "foo": {
+                    "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static"},
+                },
+            }))
+
+    def test_static_key_unknown_field_dies(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
+            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+                "foo": {
+                    "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null", "api_url": "x"},
+                },
+            }))
+
+
+class TestGiteaKey(unittest.TestCase):
+    """git-gate.repos entries with key.provider = "gitea"."""
+
+    def test_gitea_key_minimal(self):
+        m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+            "bot-bottle": {
+                "url": "ssh://git@gitea.dideric.is:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
+                "key": {
                     "provider": "gitea",
-                    "token_env": "GITEA_TOKEN",
+                    "forge_token_env": "GITEA_TOKEN",
                 },
             },
         }))
         e = m.bottles["dev"].git[0]
         self.assertEqual("bot-bottle", e.Name)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(e.ProvisionedKey)
+        self.assertEqual("gitea", e.Key.provider)
-        assert e.ProvisionedKey is not None
+        self.assertEqual("GITEA_TOKEN", e.Key.forge_token_env)
-        self.assertEqual("gitea", e.ProvisionedKey.provider)
+        self.assertEqual("", e.Key.api_url)
-        self.assertEqual("GITEA_TOKEN", e.ProvisionedKey.token_env)
-        self.assertEqual("", e.ProvisionedKey.api_url)
         self.assertEqual("", e.IdentityFile)
 
-    def test_provisioned_key_with_api_url(self):
+    def test_gitea_key_with_api_url(self):
         m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
             "repo": {
                 "url": "ssh://git@gitea.example.com/org/repo.git",
-                "provisioned_key": {
+                "key": {
                     "provider": "gitea",
-                    "token_env": "MY_TOKEN",
+                    "forge_token_env": "MY_TOKEN",
                     "api_url": "https://gitea.example.com",
                 },
             },
         }))
-        pk = m.bottles["dev"].git[0].ProvisionedKey
+        self.assertEqual("https://gitea.example.com", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].Key.api_url)
-        assert pk is not None
-        self.assertEqual("https://gitea.example.com", pk.api_url)
 
-    def test_both_identity_and_provisioned_key_dies(self):
+    def test_gitea_key_has_no_identity_file_at_parse_time(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError) as ctx:
+        m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
-            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+            "foo": {
-                "foo": {
+                "url": "ssh://git@github.com/didericis/foo.git",
-                    "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
+                "key": {"provider": "gitea", "forge_token_env": "T"},
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+            },
-                    "provisioned_key": {"provider": "gitea", "token_env": "T"},
+        }))
-                },
+        self.assertEqual("", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].IdentityFile)
-            }))
-        self.assertIn("exactly one of", str(ctx.exception))
-        self.assertIn("got both", str(ctx.exception))
 
-    def test_neither_identity_nor_provisioned_key_dies(self):
+    def test_gitea_key_missing_forge_token_env_dies(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError) as ctx:
-            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
-                "foo": {"url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git"},
-            }))
-        self.assertIn("exactly one of", str(ctx.exception))
-        self.assertIn("got neither", str(ctx.exception))
-
-    def test_unknown_key_in_provisioned_key_block_dies(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "provisioned_key": {
+                    "key": {"provider": "gitea"},
+                },
+            }))
+
+    def test_gitea_key_unknown_field_dies(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
+            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+                "foo": {
+                    "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
+                    "key": {
                         "provider": "gitea",
-                        "token_env": "T",
+                        "forge_token_env": "T",
                         "key_type": "rsa",  # not allowed
                     },
                 },
             }))
 
+
+class TestKeyBlockValidation(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Validation rules on the key block shared across providers."""
+
     def test_missing_provider_dies(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "provisioned_key": {"token_env": "T"},
+                    "key": {"path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }))
 
-    def test_missing_token_env_dies(self):
+    def test_unknown_provider_dies(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
             Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
                 "foo": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                    "provisioned_key": {"provider": "gitea"},
+                    "key": {"provider": "github"},
                 },
             }))
 
-    def test_provisioned_key_entry_has_no_identity_file(self):
+    def test_missing_key_block_dies(self):
-        m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
+        with self.assertRaises(ManifestError):
-            "foo": {
+            Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
-                "url": "ssh://git@github.com/didericis/foo.git",
+                "foo": {"url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git"},
-                "provisioned_key": {"provider": "gitea", "token_env": "T"},
+            }))
-            },
-        }))
-        self.assertEqual("", m.bottles["dev"].git[0].IdentityFile)
-
-    def test_identity_entry_has_no_provisioned_key(self):
-        m = Manifest.from_json_obj(_manifest({
-            "foo": {
-                "url": "ssh://git@github.com/foo.git",
-                "identity": "/dev/null",
-            },
-        }))
-        self.assertIsNone(m.bottles["dev"].git[0].ProvisionedKey)
 
 
 class TestEmptyGitGateField(unittest.TestCase):

tests/unit/test_provision_git.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TestGitGateGitconfigRender(unittest.TestCase):
             "bottles": {"dev": {"git-gate": {"repos": {
                 "bot-bottle": {
                     "url": "ssh://git@100.78.141.42:30009/didericis/bot-bottle.git",
-                    "identity": "/dev/null",
+                    "key": {"provider": "static", "path": "/dev/null"},
                 },
             }}}},
             "agents": {"demo": {"skills": [], "prompt": "", "bottle": "dev"}},

tests/unit/test_sidecar_init.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 from bot_bottle.sidecar_init import (
     _DaemonSpec,
     _Supervisor,
+    _argv_for_daemon,
     _env_for_daemon,
     _selected_daemons,
 )
@@ -120,6 +121,28 @@ class TestSelectedDaemons(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual([d.name for d in got], ["egress", "git-gate"])
 
 
+class TestDaemonArgv(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_git_daemons_wait_for_ready_marker_when_configured(self):
+        argv = _argv_for_daemon(
+            "git-gate",
+            ("/bin/sh", "/git-gate-entrypoint.sh"),
+            {"BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE": "/run/git-gate/ready"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual("/bin/sh", argv[0])
+        self.assertEqual("-c", argv[1])
+        self.assertIn("BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE", argv[2])
+        self.assertEqual("git-gate", argv[3])
+        self.assertEqual(["/bin/sh", "/git-gate-entrypoint.sh"], argv[4:])
+
+    def test_non_git_daemon_does_not_wait_for_ready_marker(self):
+        argv = _argv_for_daemon(
+            "egress",
+            ("/bin/sh", "/app/egress-entrypoint.sh"),
+            {"BOT_BOTTLE_GIT_GATE_READY_FILE": "/run/git-gate/ready"},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(["/bin/sh", "/app/egress-entrypoint.sh"], argv)
+
+
 class TestSupervisor(unittest.TestCase):
     """End-to-end: drive `_Supervisor` directly with fake commands.
     We don't go through `main()` because main installs signal

tests/unit/test_smolmachines_provision.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from bot_bottle.backend.smolmachines.launch import _bundle_launch_spec
 from bot_bottle.backend.util import AGENT_CA_PATH
 from bot_bottle.egress import EgressPlan, EgressRoute
 from bot_bottle.git_gate import GitGatePlan, GitGateUpstream
-from bot_bottle.manifest import ManifestGitEntry, Manifest
+from bot_bottle.manifest import ManifestGitEntry, ManifestKeyConfig, Manifest
 from bot_bottle.supervise import SupervisePlan
 
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def _plan(
         git_gate_json["repos"] = {
             g.Name: {
                 "url": g.Upstream,
-                "identity": g.IdentityFile,
+                "key": {"provider": g.Key.provider or "static", "path": g.Key.path or g.IdentityFile},
             }
             for g in git
         }
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ class TestProvisionGit(unittest.TestCase):
             git=[ManifestGitEntry(
                 Name="bot-bottle",
                 Upstream="ssh://git@host/repo.git",
+                Key=ManifestKeyConfig(provider="static", path="~/.ssh/id_ed25519"),
                 IdentityFile="~/.ssh/id_ed25519",
             )],
             stage_dir=self.stage,