fix: return None from image_created_at when timestamp is absent

FROM-scratch images (commit_container output) and registry images built
for reproducibility often omit the created field entirely. Both backends
were calling die() in that case, crashing the cached-image quickstart
before any container started.

image_created_at now returns datetime | None — None when the field is
absent or unparseable, die() only on real inspect failures (non-zero
exit, malformed JSON). stale_checks in both backends skips the staleness
check when None is returned.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

bot_bottle/backend/docker/launch.py

@@ -231,7 +231,11 @@ def stale_checks(plan: DockerBottlePlan) -> None:
         return
     committed = read_committed_image(plan.slug)
     if committed and docker_mod.image_exists(committed):
-        check_stale(f"agent image {committed!r}", docker_mod.image_created_at(committed))
+        ts = docker_mod.image_created_at(committed)
+        if ts is not None:
+            check_stale(f"agent image {committed!r}", ts)
         return
     if docker_mod.image_exists(plan.image):
-        check_stale(f"agent image {plan.image!r}", docker_mod.image_created_at(plan.image))
+        ts = docker_mod.image_created_at(plan.image)
+        if ts is not None:
+            check_stale(f"agent image {plan.image!r}", ts)

bot_bottle/backend/docker/util.py

@@ -200,8 +200,10 @@ def commit_container(container_name: str, image_tag: str) -> None:
     info(f"committed {container_name!r} → {image_tag!r}")
 
 
-def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime:
+def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime | None:
-    """Return Docker's image Created timestamp as an aware UTC datetime."""
+    """Return Docker's image Created timestamp as an aware UTC datetime, or
+    None when the field is absent or unparseable. Callers should skip the
+    stale check when None is returned."""
     r = subprocess.run(
         ["docker", "image", "inspect", "--format", "{{.Created}}", ref],
         capture_output=True,
@@ -214,10 +216,12 @@ def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime:
             f"{(r.stderr or '').strip() or '<no stderr>'}"
         )
     raw = r.stdout.strip()
+    if not raw:
+        return None
     try:
         return _parse_docker_timestamp(raw)
     except ValueError:
-        die(f"docker image inspect for {ref!r} returned invalid Created timestamp: {raw!r}")
+        return None
 
 
 def _parse_docker_timestamp(raw: str) -> datetime:

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/launch.py

@@ -211,10 +211,14 @@ def stale_checks(plan: MacosContainerBottlePlan) -> None:
         return
     committed = read_committed_image(plan.slug)
     if committed and container_mod.image_exists(committed):
-        check_stale(f"agent image {committed!r}", container_mod.image_created_at(committed))
+        ts = container_mod.image_created_at(committed)
+        if ts is not None:
+            check_stale(f"agent image {committed!r}", ts)
         return
     if container_mod.image_exists(plan.image):
-        check_stale(f"agent image {plan.image!r}", container_mod.image_created_at(plan.image))
+        ts = container_mod.image_created_at(plan.image)
+        if ts is not None:
+            check_stale(f"agent image {plan.image!r}", ts)
 
 
 def _provision_git_gate_keys(

bot_bottle/backend/macos_container/util.py

@@ -612,10 +612,11 @@ def image_id(ref: str) -> str:
     raise AssertionError("unreachable")
 
 
-def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime:
+def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime | None:
-    """Return the image creation timestamp as an aware UTC datetime.
+    """Return the image creation timestamp as an aware UTC datetime, or None
-
+    when the field is absent or unparseable (e.g. FROM-scratch images, images
-    Parses the `created` field from `container image inspect` JSON output."""
+    pulled from registries that omit the field). Callers should skip the stale
+    check when None is returned rather than treating it as an error."""
     result = subprocess.run(
         [_CONTAINER, "image", "inspect", ref],
         capture_output=True,
@@ -641,8 +642,7 @@ def image_created_at(ref: str) -> datetime:
                 return datetime.fromisoformat(ts).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
             except ValueError:
                 pass
-    die(f"container image inspect for {ref!r} did not include a creation timestamp")
+    return None
-    raise AssertionError("unreachable")
 
 
 def save(ref: str, output: str) -> None:

tests/unit/test_docker_util_image.py

@@ -54,17 +54,21 @@ class TestImageCreatedAt(unittest.TestCase):
         die.assert_called_once()
         self.assertIn("missing:tag", die.call_args.args[0])
 
-    def test_dies_on_invalid_timestamp(self):
+    def test_returns_none_on_invalid_timestamp(self):
         with patch.object(
             docker_mod.subprocess, "run",
             return_value=_ok(stdout="not-a-timestamp\n"),
-        ), patch.object(
+        ):
-            docker_mod, "die", side_effect=SystemExit("die"),
+            result = docker_mod.image_created_at("some:tag")
-        ) as die:
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
-            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+
-                docker_mod.image_created_at("some:tag")
+    def test_returns_none_on_empty_stdout(self):
-        die.assert_called_once()
+        with patch.object(
-        self.assertIn("some:tag", die.call_args.args[0])
+            docker_mod.subprocess, "run",
+            return_value=_ok(stdout=""),
+        ):
+            result = docker_mod.image_created_at("some:tag")
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
 
     def test_parse_docker_timestamp_no_tzinfo_defaults_to_utc(self):
         # A bare datetime with no tz offset should be treated as UTC.

tests/unit/test_macos_container_util.py

@@ -371,22 +371,17 @@ class TestMacosContainerImageCreatedAt(unittest.TestCase):
                 util.image_created_at("some:tag")
         die.assert_called_once()
 
-    def test_dies_when_no_created_field(self):
+    def test_returns_none_when_no_created_field(self):
         payload = '[{"id": "sha256:abc123"}]'
-        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=self._ok(payload)), \
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=self._ok(payload)):
-             patch.object(util, "die", side_effect=SystemExit("die")) as die:
+            result = util.image_created_at("some:tag")
-            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
-                util.image_created_at("some:tag")
-        die.assert_called_once()
-        self.assertIn("creation timestamp", die.call_args.args[0])
 
-    def test_dies_on_invalid_timestamp_format(self):
+    def test_returns_none_on_invalid_timestamp_format(self):
         payload = '[{"created": "not-a-date"}]'
-        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=self._ok(payload)), \
+        with patch.object(util.subprocess, "run", return_value=self._ok(payload)):
-             patch.object(util, "die", side_effect=SystemExit("die")) as die:
+            result = util.image_created_at("some:tag")
-            with self.assertRaises(SystemExit):
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
-                util.image_created_at("some:tag")
-        die.assert_called_once()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":